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BellaPelle Chap. 1
An Introduction to Skin
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Stratum Corneum? | The horny outer layer of the epidermis, consisting of several layers of flat, keratinized, nonnucleated, dead or peeling cells. Also called corneal layer, horny layer. |
| Name at least 3 functions the Stratum Corneum offers: | Thermal regulator, Osmotic membrane, Immune organ, Antimicrobial surface, Sensing organ |
| The skin is a function of which system? | The Nervous system |
| Define Ectoderm: | This outer layer of cells differentiates to form the nervous system and epidermis. It’s the start of the tissue that covers the body. It emerges first and forms the outermost of the germ layers. |
| What are TLRs? | Once bacteria (microbes) have breached the skin barrier, these activate the immune cell responses. |
| Define epidermis: | The outer layer of the skin. It is also the thinnest layer, responsible for protecting you from the harsh environment. |
| Name the layers of the epidermis: | Stratum Germinativum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum corneum |
| What is the Golgi complex? | It is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It can be thought of as similar to a post office; it packages and labels items which it then sends to different parts of the cell. |
| Define EGF | It is a growth factor that plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation by binding to its receptor EGFR. |
| What are Keratinocytes? | Cells found in the epidermis that produce keratin. |
| What is the keratinocytes function? | Are the outer surface of the epidermis are dead and form a tough protective layer. The cells underneath divide to replenish the supply. |
| What is Terminal Differentiation? | A daughter cell |
| Describe a Mother cell: | A true stem cell which can divide endlessly creating daughter cells that eventually die. These stem cells are programmed by your genetic code and by the needs of your skin. |
| What is a corneocyte? | This soft mushy round cell capable of endless divisions begins as a keratinocyte. Once it splits the daughter cells journeys to the top and eventually dies while the mother cell remains to divide again and again. |
| What is proliferation? | To populate, grow/th |
| Define TA: | Transient Amplifying cells travel laterally, attached to the basement membrane. |
| What are TA cells responsible for? | Epidermal Keratinocytes |
| TA cells divide endlessly | False |
| How many types of stem cells are there? | Two |
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