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B- Unit 5 Lesson 8
Genetic Mutations Produce Variation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| inheritable genetic variation | changes in genetic material that can be passed to offspring |
| mutation | changing of the structure of a gene |
| homologous chromosome | set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up during meiosis |
| zygote | diploid cell that is created when the sperm cell fertilizes the egg cell |
| population bottleneck | a sharp decline in a species population that leads to decline in genetic diversity |
| crossing-over | homologous chromosomes pair and exchange non-sister chromosome segments |
| independent assortment | chromosomes are randomly separated during meiosis to form haploid cells |
| disjunction | the separation of chromosomes to opposite side of the cell during anaphase of meiosis |