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Unit 3 Lesson 4
Structures of the Cell
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anitcodon | a group of three bases in tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA |
| codon | a group of three bases in mRNA that codes for an amino acid in the protein |
| endomembrane system | a network of membrane-bound organelles that are involved in the production and processing of proteins that will be integrated into a membrane, packaged into an organelle, or exported to the outside of the cell |
| eukaryotic cell | a type of animal or plant cell that contains membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus |
| Golgi apparatus | a membrane-bound organelle of the endomembrane system that processes, modifies, and sorts proteins coming from the rough endoplasmic reticulum in order to activate them and get them to their proper destination |
| membrane-bound organelle | an organelle that is surrounded by a lipid bilayer similar to the cell membrane |
| nuclear envelope | a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and controls what enters and leaves the nucleus in eukaryotic cells |
| organelle | a small structure inside a cell that performs a specific function |
| prokaryotic cell | a type of cell, such as bacteria and archaea cells, that does not contain membrane-bound organelles |
| ribosome | an organelle, found either free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, where proteins are made |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | a membrane-bound organelle that is directly attached to the smooth ER and nuclear envelope that has ribosomes attached to it that make proteins that will be inserted into a membrane, packaged into an organelle, or exported to the outside of the cell |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | a membrane-bound organelle of the endomembrane system that is directly attached to the rough ER and nuclear envelope that produces lipids and steroids for the membrane production |
| transcription | the process by which RNA polymerase copies a segment of DNA into mRNA |
| translation | the process by which a ribosome produces protein based on the sequence of a mRNA |
| vesicle | a small, membrane-bound organelle that is used as a shuttle to move proteins and lipids from the ER to the Golgi apparatus, then to the protein's final destination within or outside of the cell |
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atrang
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