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Unit 2 Lesson 8

Gene Expression and Gene Regulation

TermDefinition
chromatin a complex of DNA and protein that comprises eukaryotic chromosomes
exon a portion of a gene that is expressed into protein
gene expression a process by which genetic information is converted into proteins
gene regulation the mechanisms that activate or repress the expression of a gene
intron a portion of a gene that is not expressed into protein
operon a group of related genes that operates together as a functional unit in a prokaryotic cell
promoter a segment in DNA that binds with the enzyme RNA polymerase
repressor a regulatory protein and/or small molecule that inhibits transcription
RNA polymerase an enzyme that copies a DNA genetic sequence into an mRNA sequence
RNA processing a change RNA undergoes in the cell nucleus to become a mature mRNA molecule
RNA silencing a way for the cell to control the translation of an mRNA using microRNAs' also known as RNA interference
RNA splicing the process that removes introns from the mRNA before translation
transcriptional control the regulation of gene expression by preventing a gene from being transcribed into mRNA
transcription factors a class of proteins that regulates transcription in eukaryotes by interacting with RNA polymerase
translational control the regulation of gene expression by altering the lifespan of mRNA or the efficiency of translation
Created by: atrang
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