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Dental Ethics Terms
Dental Hygiene Ethics and Professional
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abandonment | discontinuation of a patient/provider relationship once it has been established |
| Abuse | any care or relationship that harms, pains, or causes mental anguish to another |
| Accreditation | a nongovernmental process for ensuring that a predetermined set of standards has been met; used to assure the public that the graduates of a particular program are prepared to practice |
| Allegation | an assertion, claim or statement of an individual in a legal proceeding |
| Amoral | to be without morals that which is indifferent to morality |
| Assult | no physical contact; causing apprehension. Threatening to harm an individual; a type of tort or civil wrong |
| Assent | minor or another person who is unable to give consent |
| Autonomous | independent and self-determining |
| Autonomy | the principle of self-determination in a person; the right to participate in and decide on a course of action without undue influence; provides the foundation for a right to privacy and the ability to choose |
| Battery | physical invasion; harmful nonconsequential contact. The commission of bodily arm against another person |
| Beneficence | the principle of promoting good or well-being |
| Breach of Confidentiality | unauthorized release of confidential data, either spoken or written |
| Breach of Contract | the act of breaking a contract, agreement, promise, or legal duty by failing to perform a promised or required act |
| Case Law | common law; law determined by court judgments, not by legislation |
| Character | collectively, the qualities that define a person or group of persons; a person’s moral nature |
| Civil Action | legal action taken to protect the private rights of individuals |
| Civil Law | legal matters other than criminal ones; includes torts and contractual agreements |
| Civil Rights | the rights granted residents of the United States by the Constitution and legislative acts passed after the Civil War; freedom of speech, the right to vote, and freedom from discrimination |
| Code of Ethics | a set of rules or guidelines that address the ethical standards of a professional group |
| Competency | having the knowledge, skill, and ability to perform a prescribed set of tasks or duties independently and with confidence |
| Confidentiality | that which is entrusted or held in secret; the precept by which information shared by a patient during the course of receiving health care is kept in confidence by the health care provider |
| Consent | patient’s agreement to treatment prior to treatment being preformed; may be written, oral, or implied. A patient or guardian gives consent for a minor |
| Consequentialism | the theory that the rightness or wrongness of actions determined by consequences; also called teleology |
| Contributory Negligence | an action or lack of action that contributes to the harm or injury of an individual and negatively affects his or her health status |
| Criminal Action | a legal action taken in a court of law to protect society |
| Criminal Law | a body of laws established for the purpose of preventing harm to society; describes what conduct is criminal and prescribes the punishment for criminal conduct; maybe codified into criminal or penal codes |
| Defamation | the act of maliciously making a false statement that injures another’s reputation; termed libel if a written statement; slander if an oral statement |
| Defendant | a person being sued in a civil case or charged with a crime |
| Dental Record | a written comprehensive, ongoing file of assessment findings, treatment rendered, notations, and contacts with the dental patient |
| Deposition | a discovery method, out of court, in which information is given under oath of testimony of a party or witness and recorded by a court reporter; can be subject to cross-examination |
| Discovery | the process by which or period during which each party involved in a lawsuit obtains information concerning the facts of the lawsuit; includes depositions, interrogations, and record copying |
| Discrimination | he act of treating persons differently based on factors they cannot control, such as age, handicapping conditions, race, or gender |
| Distributive Justice | the just allocation and distribution of resources for the good of society |
| Due Process | the right of fair application of laws or regulations for each person; a process established to ensure fairness and equity |
| Duty | action or conduct based on moral or legal obligation |
| Emancipated Minor | an individual younger than 18 years who is independent of a parent; laws can vary from state to state |
| Employment | a situation in which an individual works for payment |
| Equal Employment Opportunity Commission | the federal agency that investigates claims of employment discrimination and sexual harassment |
| Ethical Analysis | the process by which ethical decisions are made using a structured format |
| Ethical Dilemma | a situation in which two or more ethical principles are in conflict |
| Ethical Theory | a systematic examination of morals involving critical reflection and analysis about what is right and wrong |
| Ethics | the inquiry into the nature of morality or moral acts; values by which human beings live in relation to other human beings, nature, a higher power, and/or themselves |
| Federal Laws | laws enacted and upheld by the U.S. government |
| Felony | serious crime, with stricter penalties than a misdemeanor or petty crime |
| Fidelity | faithful to promises and obligations; a core value or ethical principle found in a code of ethics; closely related to veracity, trust, and confidentiality |
| Fiduciary Relationship | a relationship based on responsibility between the patient and the health care provider |
| Fraud | deliberate misrepresentation of acts or information |
| Harassment | he act of annoying or threatening a person by word or deed |
| Hippocratic Oath | an oath, written by a physician in the fourth century, that is the foundation for most ethical codes in healthcare |
| Impaired Professional | an individual who hasundergoneprofessional trainingbut who is no longerable to function in aprofessional capacitybecause of illness orsubstance abuse”(Beemsterboer) |
| Implied | not specifically stated or written but capable of being inferred by action(s) |
| Incident Reporting | a written report that details the aspects of an accident or unusual situation |
| Incompetent | not mentally able; one who lacks skills or abilities |
| Informed Consent | he act of providing information to and ensuring the understanding of a patient regarding treatment risks, treatment options, and the nature of the disease or problem |
| Injury | any wrong or damage done to another person, his or her rights, reputation, or property |
| Injury Causation | the required link between a patient’s injury and a dental hygienist’s breach of duty (i.e., the patient’s injury must be caused by the dental hygienist’s breach of duty) |
| Intentional Tort | deliberate and purposeful act against a person or property. A civil wrong that occurs when an individual intends the results of an action |
| Judgment | final decision by the court |
| Jurisprudence | science or philosophy of law |
| Justice | the principle that deals with fairness and the allocation of what people earn or deserve |
| Liabillity | responsibility for the course of action |
| Llicensure | a process regulated by a governmental agency in which individuals are authorized to perform certain functions |
| Litigation | Lawsuit |
| Malpractice | Professional services, such as performed by a dentist or dental hygienist, done without reasonable care or skill or in violation of ethics” |
| Moral Dilemma | a situation in which obligations and responsibilities are in conflict |
| Moral Distress | frustration from perceived powerlessness when what is happening appears to be wrong and the person is unable to act ethically |
| Morality | that which is right and good; the quality of an action with regard to right and wrong |
| Moral Principle | a mode of choosing that which is universal |
| Moral Reasoning | the formulation of amorally ideal course of action; the process of judging what one ought to do in a specific situation |
| Moral Sensitivity | the process of interpreting a situation from a moral perspective; involves making inferences about thoughts, feelings, and perceptions of others; understanding” |
| Moral Uncertainty | a state of questioning whether a moral obligation exists and/or the scope of that obligation |
| Moral Weakness | a state in which moral responsibilities and personal inclinations are in conflict |
| Negligence | a lack of reasonable and prudent care resulting in harm |
| Nonconsequentalism | theory where an action is right when it conforms to a duty or rule; also called deontological ethics or Kantian ethics |
| Nonmaleficence | the principle that states the duty to avoid harming the patient, summarized in the phrase “do no harm” |
| Oath | a solemn promise todo something or to follow some guideline(s) |
| Obligation | a duty to conform to a rule or custom |
| Paternalism | an act or action based on doing good for a patient, in the manner that a father would, but that is done without the patient’s full knowledge; an approach that limits a patient’s autonomy |
| Peer Review | the process of allowing professional colleagues to critically examine treatment provided in a dental or dental hygiene case and render an opinion on the appropriateness of that treatment |
| Plaintiff | injured person or guardian in a lawsuit; the party who initiates or files a lawsuit |
| Prima Facie Duty | considering only one single moral principle, the first principle to act on over another equally compelling principle; the duty that may be primary |
| Primum Non Nocere | a Latin term meaning “first, do no harm” |
| Professional Autonomy | the concept that a professional who provides care for a patient, thereby establishing a provider-patient relationship, is not obligated to provide that care if it would involve performing unethical services |
| Professional Code | the written standards that detail the responsibilities of a particular group |
| Professionalism | the quality of performing with the skill, knowledge, and abilities of a professional person; the possession of specialized knowledge and skill in a field of human endeavor |
| Professional Traits | characteristics desirable in a healthcare profession |
| Quality Assessment | a process used systematically and continuously to assess the quality of the patient care delivery system for the purpose of improvement |
| Quality Improvement | system to collect information that will lead to the improvement of procedures, processes, and outcomes |
| Quid pro Quo | a Latin term meaning“ something for something” |
| Regulation | a rule or restriction |
| Relativism | the theory that truth is not absolute but is relative to circumstances, individual beliefs, cultural background, or other factors |
| Res Ipsa Loquitur | Latin for “the deed speaks for itself”; the cause |
| Respondeat Superior | Latin for “the master answers”; responsibility for the employer for the actions of the employees |
| Risk Factors | listing of structures, procedures, or processes that could lead to undesired outcomes |
| Sanction | a penalty attached to a law to gain compliance |
| Scope of Practice | the broad range of duties legally defined for a particular healthcare provider |
| Sexual Harassment | a form of discrimination; involves unwelcome talk or touching or other actions regarding a sexual activity |
| Standard | a quality or specific level of performance |
| Standard of Care | the level and quality of care expected of a reasonable and prudent practitioner |
| Statute | Law |
| Statute of Limitations | the state law or part of a specific statute that specifies the period during which legal action must betaken |
| Statutory Law | a body of law created by acts of the legislature |
| Subpoena | legal summons requiring a person to report to a trial or to provide testimony |
| Supervision | the act of directing or observing the activities of another person |
| Technical Assult | touching without permission but with no intention of harming; similar to technical battery |
| Technical Battery | touching without permission but with no intention of harming; similar to technical assault |
| Testimony | statement, given under oath, regarding details of an event or occurrence |
| Tort | covers a civil wrong resulting in breach of legal duty. A civil wrong in which another’s person or property is harmed as a result of negligent or intentional acts |
| Trait | a characteristic |
| Unintentional Tort | no intent to cause harm, although harm does occur. A civil wrong that occurs when an individual does not intend the results of an action |
| Utilitarianism | the theory that an action is right when it conforms to a rule of conduct or judgment providing the greatest balance of good or evil; also termed deontology |
| Value | a principle or concept considered worthwhile |
| Veracity | truth-telling; honesty |
| Virtue Ethics | a theory that focuses on the character traits of an individual rather than on the individual’s specific behavior” |
| Authoritative Management | leaders provide direction and vision without feedback from other employees |
| Free-rein Management | leaders are hands off, group members make decisions |
| Participatory Management | leaders discuss with members about decision making |
| Private | profit and not government controlled |
| Public | not for profit and government regulated |
| State Dental Practice Act | Intended to serve as a legal guideline for both professionals and the public regarding all aspects of dental practice. |
| Core Values | basic values of a profession; guide to choices or actions by implying a preference or what is deemed to be acceptable in the profession. |
| Elements of the Code of Ethics | Self-imposed, Set rules governing behavior, Serve to protect the public, Strive to enhance the profession, Provide framework for ethical decision making |
| Breech of Contract | injuries a health care provider promised the injury they suffered would not happen. |
| Emancipated | free from legal, social, or political restrictions. |
| Legislative | Congress; Statutory Law, enacts the dental practice act. May be a single law or compilation of laws |
| Executive | office of the president; implements and regulates |
| Judiciary | U.S. Supreme Court |
| Portability | term indicates that if a person with health insurance coverage loses their job, they will be allowed to continue with coverage |
| At Will | termination can occur without notice, severance pay, or rationale describes |
| Just Cause | termination indicates that termination cannot happen without a reason or cause for termination |
| Plaintiff* | party bringing forward the clam |
| Defendant* | party defending the claim |
| Discovery* | evidence gathered from interrogatories and depositions |
| Trial* | resolution to claims and allegations |
| Judge* | decides/decisions based on the law |
| Juries* | decides/decisions based on facts |
| Criminal Case* | beyond a reasonable doubt |
| Civil Case* | preponderance of evidance |
| Contract Law | agreement to keep a promise |
| Informed Consent | the act of providing info to and ensuring the understanding of a patient regarding treatment risk, treatment options, and the nature of the disease or problem |
| Contract | legal agreement |
Created by:
Brookee185
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