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Genetics
Review of genes, alleles, heredity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genetics | the study of heredity |
| heredity | the ability to pass traits from parents to offspring |
| gene | segment of DNA that codes for a protein |
| chromosome | carries genetic information (DNA) |
| genotype | genetic makeup |
| phenotype | physical appearance (visible traits) |
| nucleus | organelle where genetic information is found |
| dominant trait | "stronger" trait that can hide a recessive trait (brown eyes are dominant to light eyes) |
| recessive trait | "weaker" trait", needs 2 alleles for the trait to show |
| homozygous (purebred) alleles | pair of alleless that are the same (BB or bb) |
| heterozygous alleles | pair of alleles that are different (Bb) |
| Punnett Square | diagram used to predict the genotype and phenotype of offspring |
| genotype and environment | these determine an organism's phenotype |
| complete dominance | dominance where 1 allele is dominant over the other (ex. purple x white = purple) |
| incomplete dominance | dominance where heterozygous genotype is a mixture of the two (ex. purple x white = lavender or light pink) |
| codominance | dominance where heterozyous genotype is equally expressed (ex. purple x white = purple & white) |
| XX | female genotype |
| XY | male genotype |
| Gregor Mendel | considered the "father" of genetics, experimented using pea plants |
Created by:
cadetjt
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