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Genetics

Review of genes, alleles, heredity

QuestionAnswer
genetics the study of heredity
heredity the ability to pass traits from parents to offspring
gene segment of DNA that codes for a protein
chromosome carries genetic information (DNA)
genotype genetic makeup
phenotype physical appearance (visible traits)
nucleus organelle where genetic information is found
dominant trait "stronger" trait that can hide a recessive trait (brown eyes are dominant to light eyes)
recessive trait "weaker" trait", needs 2 alleles for the trait to show
homozygous (purebred) alleles pair of alleless that are the same (BB or bb)
heterozygous alleles pair of alleles that are different (Bb)
Punnett Square diagram used to predict the genotype and phenotype of offspring
genotype and environment these determine an organism's phenotype
complete dominance dominance where 1 allele is dominant over the other (ex. purple x white = purple)
incomplete dominance dominance where heterozygous genotype is a mixture of the two (ex. purple x white = lavender or light pink)
codominance dominance where heterozyous genotype is equally expressed (ex. purple x white = purple & white)
XX female genotype
XY male genotype
Gregor Mendel considered the "father" of genetics, experimented using pea plants
Created by: cadetjt
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