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Genetics

Review of genes, alleles, heredity

QuestionAnswer
heredity / inheritance the ability to pass traits from parents to offspring
gene segment of DNA that codes for a protein
chromosome a long threadlike structure made of DNA
genotype "type" that is genetic makeup
phenotype "type" that is physical appearance (visible traits)
nucleus organelle where genetic information is found
dominant trait "stronger" trait that can hide a recessive trait (brown eyes are dominant to light eyes)
recessive trait "weaker" trait", needs 2 alleles for the trait to show
homozygous (purebred) alleles pair of alleless that are the same (BB or bb)
heterozygous alleles pair of alleles that are different (Bb)
Punnett Square diagram used to predict the genotype and phenotype of offspring
genotype and environment these 2 factors determine your phenotype
complete dominance dominance where 1 allele is dominant over the other (ex. purple x white = purple)
incomplete dominance dominance where heterozygote is a mixture of the two (ex. purple x white = lavender or light pink)
codominance dominance where heterozygote shows BOTH traits equally (ex. purple x white = purple & white)
XX female genotype
XY male genotype
Gregor Mendel considered the "father" of genetics, experimented using pea plants
carrier someone that is unaffected by recessive trait but can pass on recessive allele
pedigree diagram that shows how a disease or trait affects a family
Created by: cadetjt
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