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Vocab Chapter 10

Class: Biology, Teacher: Sister Ruth

TermDefinition
Evolution Change in a species over time; process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.
Species Group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Fossil Trace of an organism from the past.
Catastrophism Theory that states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped Earth's landforms and caused extinction of some species.
Gradualism Principle that states that the changes in landforms result from slow changes over a long period of time.
Uniformitarianism Theory that states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time.
Variation Differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs.
Adaptation Inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment.
Artificial selection Process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits.
Heritability Ability of a trait to be passed from one generation to the next.
Natural selection Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals.
Population All of the individuals of a species that live in the same area.
Fitness Measure of an organism's ability to survive and produce offspring relative to other members of a population
Biogeography Study of the distribution of organisms around the world.
Homologous structure Body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but performs different functions.
Analogous structure Body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different.
Vestigial structure Remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor.
paleontology Study of fossils or extinct organisms.
Created by: SarahHeuker
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