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DNA Unit
DNA, RNA, Transcription, Translation & Mutations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA | long strands of genetic material that can be passed from generation to generation |
| nucleotide | monomer unit of nucleic acids |
| nitrogenous bases | A, T, G, C, U adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil |
| type of bond between nitrogenous bases from 2 DNA strands | hydrogen bonds |
| where DNA is located | nucleus |
| components of a nucleotide | phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base |
| enzyme that unwinds the double stranded DNA molecule | DNA helicase |
| enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides to a new strand of DNA | DNA polymerase |
| 5-carbon sugar in RNA nucleotides | ribose |
| 5-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides | deoxyribose |
| in RNA, nitrogenous base that bonds with adenine | uracil |
| in DNA, nitrogenous base that bonds with adenine | thymine |
| transcription | process of making an mRNA copy of a DNA gene |
| codon | three nucleotides on the mRNA that code for an amino acid |
| semiconservative replication | each new double stranded DNA contains one original strand and one new strand |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| shape of double stranded DNA | double helix |
| anticodon | three nucleotides on the tRNA that bind with mRNA codons |
| organelle where translation takes place | ribosome |
| gene | specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein |
| RNA polymerase | adds complementary RNA nucleotides to a strand of mRNA |
| mRNA | messenger RNA |
| tRNA | transfer RNA |
| nondisjunction | chromosomes fail to separate during anaphase |
| point mutation | substitution of one base for another |
| gene | a specific sequence of DNA that codes for a protein |
| mutation | permanent change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA |
| frameshift mutation | a base is added or deleted, changing the sequence of amino acids |
| silent mutation | a base substitution; no change in the amino acid |
| missense mutation | a base substitution; change in the amino acid |
| nonsense mutation | a base substitution resulting in a STOP codon |
| makes up the ribosome | rRNA (ribosomal RNA) |
| replication | the process by which a new DNA is copied from a template DNA strand |
| complementary base pair | nitrogenous bases that bond together with hydrogen bonds |
| chromatin | loose strands of DNA in the nucleus; "spaghetti noodles" |
| chromosome | packages of DNA and protein; DNA is in this state during cell division only |
| translation | the process of converting an mRNA sequence to a sequence of amino acids |
| protein synthesis | the process of creating a protein, which involves both transcription and translation |
| substitution mutation | replacement of one nitrogen base with another |
| inversion | the reversal of a segment of a chromosome |
| translocation | the exchange of genetic material between two chromosomes containing different genes |
Created by:
onceamustang
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