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37. Conservation
AP Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adaptive radiation | rapid branching through speciation of a phylogenetic tree into many closely related species |
| biodiversity | variety of a biological system, typically conceived as the number of species, but also applying to genes, biochemistry, and ecosystems |
| biodiversity hotspot | concept originated by Norman Myers to describe a geographical region with a large number of endemic species and a large percentage of degraded habitat |
| bush meat | wild-caught animal used as food (typically mammals, birds, and reptiles); usually referring to hunting in the tropics of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas |
| chemical diversity | variety of metabolic compounds in an ecosystem |
| chytridiomycosis | disease of amphibians caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; thought to be a major cause of the global amphibian decline |
| DNA barcoding | molecular genetic method for identifying a unique genetic sequence to associate with a species |
| ecosystem diversity | variety of ecosystems |
| endemic species | species native to one place |
| exotic species | (also, invasive species) species that has been introduced to an ecosystem in which it did not evolve |
| extinction | disappearance of a species from Earth; local extinction is the disappearance of a species from a region |
| extinction rate | number of species becoming extinct over time, sometimes defined as extinctions per million species–years to make numbers manageable (E/MSY) |
| genetic diversity | variety of genes in a species or other taxonomic group or ecosystem, the term can refer to allelic diversity or genome-wide diversity |
| heterogeneity | number of ecological niches |
| megafauna | large animals |
| secondary plant compound | compound produced as byproducts of plant metabolic processes that is usually toxic, but is sequestered by the plant to defend against herbivores |
| species-area relationship | relationship between area surveyed and number of species encountered; typically measured by incrementally increasing the area of a survey and determining the cumulative numbers of species |
| tragedy of the commons | economic principle that resources held in common will inevitably be overexploited |
| white-nose syndrome | disease of cave-hibernating bats in the eastern United States and Canada associated with the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans |
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