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Unit 3 Vocab
AP Biology Unit 3 Vocab- Argueta
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chemical reaction | the process where chemical bonds are broken or made, it is a form of potential energy |
| enzyme | macromolecule that serves as a catalyst, most are proteins |
| substrate | macromolecule that serves as a catalyst, most are proteins |
| activation energy | amount of energy a reaction needs |
| catalysts | part that increasesthe rate of a reaction |
| denaturation | process where a protein loses its native shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions, making them become biologically inactive, in proteins |
| pH | measure of hydrogen ion concentration |
| NADPH/NADP+ | measure of hydrogen ion concentration |
| cellular respiraation | catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, break down organic molecules and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP |
| coenzyme | an organic molecule serving as a cofactor, |
| cytosol | semifluid portion of the cytoplasm |
| electrochemical gradient | diffusion gradient of an ion, which is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane and the ion’s tendency to move relative to the membrane potential |
| electron | subatomic particle w/ one negative electrical charge, one or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom |
| endothermic | organisms that are warmed by heat that is generated by their own metabolism |
| fermentation | catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain |
| glycolysis | series of directions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate. Two pyruvates |
| NADH/NAD+ | coenzyme that cycles easily between oxidized and reduced NADH states, electron carrier |
| organic chemistry | study of organic compounds |
| oxidation | complete or partial loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction |
| oxidative phosphorylation | production of ATP using energy from the redox reactions of an ETC, third stage in CE |
| photophosphorylation | process where ATP is made from ADP and phosphate via chemiosmosis |
| proton | subatomic particle with a single positive charge |
| pyruvate | sugar from first step of cellular respiration |
| enzyme mediated | enzyme that binds to a substrate in order to form an enzyme-substrate complex |
| catalysis | process a substance is added to a reaction in order to speed the reaction rate |
| competitive inhibtion | when substances compete in order to bind with another substance or enzyme |
| noncompetitive inhibition | enzyme that decreases the activity of a enzyme |
| cyanobacteria | microscopic organism that is found in water, producers |
| ADP | organic compund in metabolism, flow of energy |
| aerobic | needs oxygen |
| anaerobic | occuring without oxygen |
| electron acceptor | accepts electrons that are transferred from another compun |
| electron carrier | NAD+ |
| inorganic chemistry | inorganic substances |
| lactic acid | byproduct bacteriain our blood |
| stimuli | something that creates a function in a chmeical reaction |
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vargueta
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