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intraspecific
as part of AS91603 NCEA L3 Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abiotic factors | The non-living (physical or climatic) aspects of an environment. |
| carrying capacity | The maximum population size the environment can maintain |
| environmental resistance | when resources become limited and competition occurs |
| population | All members of the same species in a defined area at a set point in time. |
| organism | A living thing |
| intraspecific | between members of the SAME species |
| Intraspecific competition | competition between members of the same species. More intense due to have the same niche/life requirements |
| aggressive behaviour | a fighting behaviour where physical contact/harm is likely to occur (not predation) |
| agonistic behaviour | Ritualised behaviour between two members of the same species which are in conflict. Includes threat displays and submissive/dominance behaviours. Reduces actual physical fighting. |
| altruism | Behaviour in which an individual puts itself at risk for the benefit of the group e.g. warning of predators. |
| kin selection | When an individual puts them self at risk to assist the survival of another individual to which they are related. This helps to ensure their alleles are passed on. |
| cooperative breeding | many males and females breed together (polygynandry). offspring receive care not only from their parents, but also from additional group members, often called helpers. |
| Courtship | A series of signals exchanged between male and female and ending in mating. |
| fitness | ,"This means evolutionary fitness and is a measure of an organism’s reproductive success. ‘Fitter’ organisms are more likely to survive, reproduce and pass on their favourable alleles." |
| habitat | The specific environment in which an organism lives. |
| Hierarchy | When animals have a specific rank in the group. A linear hierarchy (or pecking order) has individuals ranked from highest (alpha individual) to lowest (omega individual). |
| limiting factor | Any environmental factor that limits the activity of an organism or population due to being in short supply. |
| monogamy | Each male mates with only one female (and vice versa) for the breeding season or for life. |
| Pair bond | is the strong affinity that develops in some species between a mating pair, often leading to the production and rearing of offspring and potentially a lifelong bond. |
| Parental care | Investment of resources such as warmth, food and protection by parents in the survival of offspring. can increase risk to parent |
| Polygyny | a pattern of mating in which a male animal has more than one female mate in a breeding season. |
| mating system | A framework of social relationships within which male and females organise mating. |
| Polyandry | 1 female many males in a season |
| Polygynandry | both male and female mate with more than one partner in a season often raise offspring as a group (co-operative breeding). |
| Synchronised spawning | External fertilisation where females release eggs and males release sperm at the same time. |
| r-selected | on the parental care spectrum, where many offspring are produced with little or no parental care. |
| k-selected | on the parental care spectrum, where few offspring are produced with a lot parental care. |
| submissive behaviour | Ritualised behaviour,"When an individual indicates, by an act or posture e.g. make self small, that it will not challenge a dominant individual in a social group. This behaviour is important in maintaining a dominance hierarchy." |
| dominant behaviour | Ritualised behaviour where an individual makes themselves appear larger or threatening to inhibit or influence the behaviour of another. |
| territoriality | The behaviours individuals or groups of a species have when they defend their territories. |
| territory | An area that contains limited resources, often offspring as well, that is actively defended. Territories do not overlap |
| Home range | an area that contained resources that regularly shared with others and is NOT defended. |
| innate | inherited behaviour, not learned. |
| adaptive advantage | the adaptation increase both survival and reproductive success, including the survival of any offspring until adulthood. |
| Lek | Territory held for the sole purpose of courtship |
| co-operative groups | Individuals of the same species live together sharing resources. This is separate to territories, as you can have a group without a territory. |
Created by:
NZARoberts
Popular Ecology sets