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Unit 7: Vocab Quiz 1

chapter 9- genetics

QuestionAnswer
Heredity the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
allele one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
gene a segment of DNA that is located in a chromosome and that codes for a specific hereditary trait
genotype the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
heterozygous describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait
recessive describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited
trait a genetically determined characteristic
law of segregation Mende's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete
law of independent assortment the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
phenotype an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype and the environment
testcross the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
genetics the science of heredity and of the mechanisms by which traits are passed from parents to offspring
dominant describes the allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes
homozygous describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes
punnett square a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross
Created by: hannah1234
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