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Unit 1 Vocab
AP Biology Unit 1 Vocab- Argueta
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adhesion | clinging of one substance |
| cohesion | linking of molecules |
| hydrogen bond | chemical bond when a positive covalent bond links to a negatively charged bond |
| polar | molecule that has uneven distribution |
| surface tension | measure of difficult it is to break surface of a liquid |
| atom | smallest unit of matter |
| essential element | chemical element that is required for an organism to survive, grow, or reproduce |
| macromolecule | huge molecule formed by smaller molecules that get together that is caused by the dehydration process |
| cleavage | process of cytokineses in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane |
| dehydration synthesis | chemical reaction that occurs when two molecules bond with one another that then removes a water molecule |
| hydrolysis | chemical reaction that breaks bonds by adding a water molecule, polymers to monomers |
| monomer | the building blocks for polymers |
| amino acid | organic molecule that has a carboxyl and amino group, monomer for polypeptides |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | double stranded nucleic acid molecule, has a nucleotide monomer w deoxyribose sugar, and adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine |
| deoxyribose | sugar found in DNA one less hydroxyl group than ribose |
| hydrophilic | having an affinity of water, likes water |
| hydrophobic | having no affinity of water, does not like water, forms droplets of water |
| lipid | group of large biological molecules, fats, phospholipids and steroids, that do not mix great with water |
| nucleic acid | polymer that has many nucleotide monomers, blueprint for proteins, two types are DNA and RNA |
| nucleotide | building block of nucleic acid, has 5 carbon sugars connected to nitrogenous base and phosphate groups |
| phospholipids | lipid made of glycerol, joined by two fatty acids and phosphate group, nonpolar, hydrophobic, make biological membranes |
| polymer | long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers, linked by covalent bonds |
| protein | molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded and coiled into a specific three-dimensional structure |
| ribonucleic acid | nucleic acid that has a polynucleotide, nucleotide monomers w ribose sugar, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil |
| ribose | sugar of RNA |
| 5' | modified form of guanine nucleotide added onto the 5' end of a pre-mRNA |
| Alpha Helice | coiled region constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific pattern of hydrogen bonding between atoms or the polypeptide backbone |
| antiparallel | arrangement of sugar backbones in DNA double |
| beta-sheet | secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth |
| covalent bond | type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons |
| double-helix | native DNA, two adjacent anti-parallel polynucleotide strands |
| primary structure | level of protein structure referring to the specific linear sequence of amino acids |
| secondary structure | regions of repetitive coiling of a polypeptide backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bonding between constituents of the backbone |
| tertiary structure | overall shape of a protein molecule due to interactions of amino acid side chains, including hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds |
| N-Terminus | ending of a protein or peptide of primary structure, amino acid leftover is not part of peptide bond |
| carbohydrates | a sugar, monosaccharide |
| c-terminus | end of amino acid chain, ended by loose carboxyl group |
| nitrogenous base | molecule that has nitrogen, G, A, T, C, or U(RNA) |
| phosphate | molecule group that transfer energy, through organic molecules |
| R-group | groupf of molecules where a carbon or hydrogen atom is attached to molecule |
| saturated fats | fat made from saturated fatty acids |
| unsaturated fats | built of one or more types of unsaturated fatty acids |
| 3' | end |
| Peptide | covalent bond between carboxyl group on one amino acid and amino group on another, formed by dehydration reaction |
| subunit | reaction that brings two molecules unite |
| sugar-phosphate backbone | DNA, RNA forms structure of nucleic acids |
| water | inorganic chemical compound |
| organic chem | study of structure, properties, reactions of organic chemicals, usually of carbon compounds, and nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen |
Created by:
vargueta
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