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SB2
Pearson GCSE Separate Science Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is found in the nucleus of a cell? | (DNA or chromosomes) |
| Name two components, apart from a nucleus, that are found in both animal and plant cells. | (e.g. cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes) |
| Name two components that are only found in plant cells and not animal cells. | (e.g. cell wall, large permanent vacuole, chloroplast) |
| What is a prokaryotic cell? | (a cell without a nucleus) |
| What is a eukaryotic cell? | (a cell with a nucleus) |
| Which of the following is the smallest unit: picometre, micrometre, millimetre, nanometre? | (picometre) |
| What is the function of the jelly coat around an egg cell? | (to ensure that only one sperm cell can enter) |
| Describe the basic function of a light microscope. | (to magnify things) |
| Why do we need new cells? | (for growth, repair and to be able to reproduce) |
| In human cells, what is a chromosome? | (a structure found in nuclei, containing a DNA molecule) |
| List three main features that are usually found in animal cells. | (any three from: nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria) |
| Which cell structure controls what enters and leaves the cell? | (cell membrane) |
| Which cell structure controls how the cell works? | (nucleus) |
| In which cell structure does respiration mainly take place? | (mitochondria) |
| Describe one feature of a human sperm cell that is different from other human cells. | (any suitable answer, such as has a tail) |
| Describe the function of the feature of the sperm cell you described in question 5. | (answer based on response to question 5, such as tail helps sperm swim) |
| What type of cell division forms two identical daughter cells? | (mitosis) |
| In which stage of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated? | (interphase) |
| In which stage of the cell cycle, at the end of mitosis, does the one cell divide into two? | (cytokinesis) |
| What term describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes? | (diploid) |
| List three main features that are usually found in both plant and animal cells. | (any three from: cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes) |
| List three features found in plant cells but not in animal cells. | (large permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall) |
| Define the term ‘growth’. | (an increase in cell number and size) |
| Which cell structure in plants contains chlorophyll? | (chloroplast) |
| What is the function of the cell structure that contains chlorophyll? | to capture energy from light for photosynthesis) |
| Many plant cells have a large structure filled with sap. Name this structure. | (large permanent vacuole) |
| Give two functions of the cell structure filled with sap. | (to store cell sap and help keep the cell firm and rigid) |
| Name the structure that surrounds all plant cells (but not animal cells). | (cell wall) |
| Describe the function of the structure that surrounds plant cells but not animal cells. | (supports and protects the cell) |
| How are roots adapted to absorbing water and mineral salts from the ground? | (Root hair cells have long extensions into the soil that increase the surface area for absorption.) |
| Where are plant meristems found? | (tips of plant shoots and roots [also just inside bark of trees]) |
| What happens in a plant meristem? | (Cells divide rapidly by mitosis as the plant grows.) |
| What type of cell is found in meristems? | (unspecialised/stem cells) |
| What happens during cell differentiation? | (Cells develop special features that help them carry out a particular function.) |
| Why is cell differentiation important to plants and animals? | (Specialised cells are more effective at carrying out different functions in the body.) |
| A root hair cell is a specialised cell. What is its function? | (to absorb water and dissolved mineral salts from the soil) |
| How is a root hair cell specialised to carry out its function? | (It has a long extension into the soil that increases the surface area for absorption.) |
| What is the function of a xylem vessel? | (to carry water and mineral salts through the plant) |
| Explain how one specialisation of a xylem vessel helps it carry out its function. | thickened wall to prevent collapse of tube/ no cell cytoplasm and lost cell walls to form long tubes through which water flows up the plant; small holes in thick cell wall so water can pass into and out of the vessel from surrounding cells |
| Name one feature, other than mass, that could be measured to show growth in a plant. | (any suitable measure that will show change over time, such as: height, tree girth, leaf area, number of leaves) |
| Name the type of cell division that cells use to make identical copies of themselves. | (mitosis) |
| What type of cell has the ability to differentiate into specialised cells? | (stem cell) |
| In what organ system would you find nerve cells? | (the nervous system) |
| Are nerve cells diploid or haploid? | (diploid) |
| What part of a nerve cell contains chromosomes? | (nucleus) |
| What part of a nerve cell makes proteins? | (ribosomes) |
| Nerve cells require a lot of energy. What cell structure would you expect them to have a lot of? | (mitochondria) |
| What is a nerve cell specialised to do? | (carry electrical signals/impulses) |
| List your senses. | (touch, hearing, sight, taste, smell, balance, temperature and plenty of others) |
| State the name of one organ in the nervous system. | (brain, spinal cord or nerves or a named sense organ) |
| What type of cells is the brain mainly made up of? | (neurones, nerve cells) |
| What part of the brain controls our senses and emotions? | (cerebral cortex) |
| State one thing that the cerebellum controls. | (balance, posture or fine motor movements) |
| Where is the medulla oblongata in relation to the spinal cord? | (at the top of the spinal cord) |
| What part of the brain controls the rate of the heart? | (medulla oblongata) |
| What part of the brain stores our memories? | (cerebral cortex) |
| Apart from bundles of neurones, what else does a nerve contain? | (blood vessels) |
| What name is given to an electrical signal transmitted by a neurone? | (impulse) |
| What part of the brain controls the rate of breathing? | (medulla oblongata) |
| Which cerebral hemisphere receives information from the right eye? | (left) |
| Name the type of cell division that cells use to make identical copies of themselves, | (mitosis) |
| What type of cell has the ability to differentiate into specialised cells? | (stem cell) |
| In what organ system would you find nerve cells? | (the nervous system) |
| Are nerve cells diploid or haploid? | (diploid) |
| What part of a nerve cell contains chromosomes? | (nucleus) |
| What part of a nerve cell makes proteins? | (the ribosomes) |
| Nerve cells require a lot of energy. What cell structure would you expect them to have a lot of? | (mitochondria) |
| What is a nerve cell specialised to do? | (carry electrical signals/impulses) |
| List your senses. | (touch, hearing, sight, taste, smell, balance, heat detection and plenty of others) |
| State the name of one organ in the nervous system. | (brain, spinal cord or nerves, or a named sense organ) |
| What type of cells detect stimuli? | (receptor cells) |
| In which sense organ would you find receptor cells that detect light waves? | (eye) |
| What are the electrical signals used in the nervous system called? | (impulses) |
| List, in order, the organs that an impulse goes through from the hand to the brain. | (nerve(s), spinal cord) |
| What are the two long ‘arms’ of a sensory neurone called? | (dendron and axon) |
| List, in order, the parts of a sensory neurone that an impulse goes through. | (dendrite, dendron, axon, axon terminal) |
| Why are sensory neurones so long? | (to carry impulses quickly over long distances) |
| What is the name of the fatty sheath that surrounds dendrons and axons? | (myelin sheath) |
| What does the myelin sheath do? | (speeds up transmission of impulses, insulates neurones from each other) |
| Where in the eye are receptor cells for light found? | (retina) |
| What two types of light sensitive cells are in the retina? | Rod and Cones |
| What two structures refract light in the eye? | Cornea and lens |
| What type of lens would correct a person who has an eyeball length that is too long (where the image is focussed in front of the retina)? | Diverging lens |
| What part of the eye is not functioning correctly if a person is colour-blind? | ones |
| What happens to a person’s eye when they get a cataract? | protein builds up inside lens to make it cloudy. |
| Which part of the eye contracts and relaxes to make the lens thicker / thinner? | Ciliary muscles |
| What chemical crosses the gap between two neurones? | Neurotransmitter |
| What is the name of the nerve pathway that involves a quick action in response to potential harm to the body? | Reflex Arc |
| Name the three neurones in order of which they are used by the body. | Sensory neurone, relay neurone, motor neurone |
| Which neurones are connected to effectors? | Motor neurones |
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Davenant Foundation School
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