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Biotech -2 Flashcard

Application of Biotechnology flashcards for quick revision

TopicShort description
GMO ( Genetically Modified Organisms) / Transgenic Organisms Produced by Gene addition or Gene deletion.
Golden Rice Created By Ingo Potrychus and Peter Beyer. Beta Carotene gene is transferred from Narcissus psudonarcissus (Daffodil) to Oryza sativa (Rice). Beta -Carotene is precursor of Vitamin A. So, it can cure problem of Night Blindness.
Flavr Savr Tomato Gene of Polygalacturonase enzyme is blocked. (This enzyme is responsible for degradation of Pectin present in tomato cell wall) So, shelf life of tomato increase and post harvest lost is decreased.
Hirudin Production by Brassica Napus Plant Hirudin gene is chemically synthesized in lab and transferred into Brassica cells using Agrobacterium. As a result, Hirudin started accumulating in seeds of Brassica napus.
Bt Cotton Bt ➡ Bacillus thuringiensis In this, cry gene has been inserted using Agrobacterium. Cry gene produces cry protein. It's a protoxin which gets activated in alkaline pH of midgut of insects.
Cry Protein(toxin) It creates Pores/holes in midgut epithelial cells leading to swelling and burst. Hence insect die due to starvation.
Example of Cry genes • cry I Ab ➡ to kill corn borers • cry II Ab ➡ to kill cotton bollworm • cry I Ac ➡ to kill cotton bollworms. Cotton bollworms and corn borers are Lapidopterons.
RNA Interference Technique/ Antisense Technique Naturally occurring process in Eukaryotes as cellular defense. Discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mellow (in 1998) in a free lining nematode called Caenorhabditis elegans. Used to protect tobacoo root from Meloidegyne incognita.
Recombinant therapeutics 30 recombinant therapeutics have been approved for human use world wide. In India, 12 are presently marketed.
Humulin Human Insulin gene is present on 11th chromosome. Produced from Beta-cells of pancreas in an active form called Proinsulin, which has 3 peptide chains. During maturation, C-Chain is removed.
Eli Lilly (in 1983) Inserted genes of A and B chain separately into 2 E.coli bacteria using pBR322. As a result, they obtained A and B chain separately which were joined by creating Disulphide Linkages between them.
Gene Therapy First time in 1990 to a 4 year old girl child suffering from SCID. Lymphocytes from blood of patient are grown in a culture outside body ➡ A functional ADA cDNA introduced ➡ lymphocytes returned to patient.
SCID ( Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency) Due To ADA (adenosine deaminase) deficiency. If ADA gene is introduced in Bone marrow cells in early embryonic stage, it could be a permanent treatment.
Molecular Diagnosis Recombinant DNA technology, PCR, ELISA Autoradiography Are some techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis.
Transgenic Animals Animals whose DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are known as Transgenic animals. Transgenic Rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep's, cows and fishes have been produced. Although over 95% of all transgenic animals are mice.
Alpha-1-antitrypsin Used to treat Emphysema.
First Transgenic cow Rosie In 1997. Produced Human protein Alpha-Lactalbumin rich milk. 2.4gram per litre.
Transgenic animals for vaccine safety Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of Polio vaccine.
GEAC ( Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) Make decisions regarding validity of GM research and safety of introducing GM organisms for public services.
Rice 200,000 varieties of Rice in India Alone. 27 documented varieties of Basmati. In 1997,An American Company got patent right on Basmati Rice.
Biopiracy Use of Bio-resources by multinational companies and other organization without proper authorization from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment.
Indian Patent Bill Parliament has recently cleared Second Amendment of Indian Patent Bill.
Created by: Rahul27
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