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Skeletal System
Terms & Definitions involved with the Skeletal System for Anatomy & Physiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Functions of the Skeletal System | Support, Structure, Storage, Creates red blood cells, Attachment site for muscles & Leverage for the body. |
| Axial Skeleton | Made up on the skull, spine, & rib cage |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Made up of arms, legs, pelvis & shoulders |
| Four Classifications of Bones | Long, Short, Flat, & Irregular |
| Long Bones | These bones are longer than they are wide and they are strong bones that provide structure and mobility. |
| Short Bones | These bones are as long as they are wide and mainly in the hands and feet. |
| Flat Bones | These bones are somewhat flatten and may provide protection. |
| Irregular Bones | These bones that vary in shape and structure |
| Greenstick Fracture | This occurs when the bone breaks and cracks, but it does not break completely into separate pieces. This type of break usually occurs in children. |
| Compression Fracture | This can occur in the spine. It is when the vertebral body of the spine collapses. This can lead to severe pain, deformities and even loss of height. |
| Spiral Fracture | When a long bone breaks from a twisting force. It may lead to the person needing surgery, rest and physical therapy. |
| Transverse Fracture | When this occurs at a right angle to the long plan of the bone. Usually occur as a result of strong force applied perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. |
| Compound Fracture | It is when a bone is pierces through the skin causing an open wound or break in the skin where the bone ends may be visible. |
| Osteoporosis | A disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone mass, which results in weak bones that may break from falls or bumps. |
| Leukemia | Is a blood cancer caused by a rise in the number of white blood cells in your body. |
| Osteopenia | This is a condition that begins as you lose bone mass in your bones and they become weaker. It is common to develop as you age. |
| Scoliosis | It is a sideways curvature of the spine. In some cases, it can be corrected with a back brace. |
| Joint | A place where two or more bones meet |
| Examples of Long Bones | Tibia, Femur, Fibula, Ulna, Radius, Humerus |
| Examples of Short Bones | Carpals, tarsals |
| Examples of Flat Bones | Ribs, Pelvis, Sternum, Scapula |
| Examples of Irregular | Vertebrae, Patella |
| Fixed Joints | Unable to move |
| Slightly Moveable Joints | Able to move a bit |
| Freely Moving Joints | Able to move completely |
| Hinge Joint | A type of joint that only allows bones to move in one direction back and forth with limited motion along other planes. |
| Examples of a Hinge Joint | The fingers, toes, elbows, knees, and ankles |
| Ball & Socket Joint | An articulation in which the rounded head of one bone fits into a cuplike cavity of the other and admits movement in any direction. |
| Examples of a Ball & Socket Joint | The hip and shoulder |
| Saddle Joint | The bone forming one part of the joint is concave (turned inward) at one end and the other bone's end is convex (turned outward). |
| Example of a Saddle Joint | Thumb |
| Pivot Joint | The rounded end of one bone fitting into a ring formed by the other bone. This structure allows rotational movement. |
| Examples of Pivot Joints | Atlas & Axis, wrist |
| Bones of the Arm | humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges |
| Bones of the Leg | femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges |
Created by:
CMacKay16
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