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Biology Unit 5 Learn

Biology Unit 5 Learning Statements Making Proteins

QuestionAnswer
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid; contains the sugar deoxyribose; forms chromosomes wrapped around a histone protein
DNA contains the genetic code or instructions for making proteins; found in the nucleus of a cell
RNA ribonucleic acid; contains the sugar ribose
RNA used to carry the instructions and to make proteins from the DNA code
Amino Acid Sequence determined by the code in deoxyribonucleic acid
Protein string of amino acids joined together by a peptide bond folded into specific shapes
mRNA carries instructions from DNA to the ribosome
tRNA brings the correct amino acid by matching complementary bases of mRNA
Transcription mRNA matching the DNA by complementary base pairing; occurs in the nucleus
Translation mRNA base pairing with tRNA at the ribosome to create a protein from the DNA code
DNA Nitrogen Base Sequence codes for the traits of organisms ; determines the order of the amino acids to make proteins
DNA Complementary Base Pairs A-T, C-G adenine-thymine , cytosine-guanine
DNA to RNA Complementary Base Pairs A-U,T-A,C-G,G-C adenine-uracil, thymine-adenine, cytosine-guanine, guanine-cytosine
Hydrogen Bonds holds complementary base pairs in DNA
Peptide Bonds holds amino acids to form proteins
Codon three nucleotides in a row which codes for an amino acid
Mutation change in a DNA nitrogen base sequence; may be harmful to an organism or may be beneficial for variation of an organism
Deletion Mutation DNA nitrogen base is lost or deleted; may cause a frameshift mutation
Insertion Mutation DNA nitrogen base is added; may cause a frameshift mutation
Substitution Mutation DNA nitrogen base is replaced by a different nitrogen base
Nucleotide individual unit of a nucleic acid; contains a nitrogen base, phosphate, and a sugar
Transcription cellular process which makes mRNA from the DNA code to create proteins
Translation uses the genetic code transcribed by mRNA to place amino acids into a specific sequence to make a protein
Frameshift Mutation change in nitrogen base sequence which cause a change codon arrangement; alters amino acid sequence from point of mutation and after
Codon Chart Square or circular chart of amino acids associated with a mRNA codon
Helicase Enzyme which breaks the hydrogen bonds between DNA nitrogen bases
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