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Reproduction

8.LS.2

TermDefinition
cell division the formation of two daughter cells from a single parent cell
centriole an organelle in animal cells that is involved in cell division; they produce spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during cell division
centromere the part of the chromosome where the chromatids are attached; during mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the chromosome at these structures
chromatid one of two identical halves of a replicated (copied) chromosome
chromatin DNA strands in the nucleus during interphase
chromosome a structure formed from condensed chromatin; consist of two identical chromatids attached at the centromere, giving them a characteristic "X" shape
cytokinesis a stage during mitosis or meiosis in which the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells
DNA a molecule that carries genetic information; stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
interphase the period in the cell cycle during which the cell grows, matures, and duplicates genetic information; preparing for cell division
mitosis a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus; has four stages
prophase a stage during mitosis or meiosis in which the nuclear membrane breaks down, the chromosomes condense, and centromeres move to opposite ends of the cell
metaphase a stage during mitosis or meiosis in which chromosomes line up along the center of the cell "MIDDLE"
anaphase the stage of mitosis or meiosis in which chromosomes are split up and chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell "AWAY"
telophase the stage of during mitosis or meiosis in which the DNA unwinds a nuclear membrane reforms around the chromatids or chromosomes "TWO NUCLEI"
diploid a cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent; body cells (somatic cells)
gamete a mature, haploid reproductive cell that is created as a result of meiosis; sex cell
haploid a cell containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes; sex cells they contain HALF the chromosomes as diploid cells
sperm cell male gamete; sex cell
ovum female gamete (sex cell); egg cell
sister chromatid two identical strands of DNA in a chromosome connected by a centromere
homologous chromosomes a pair of chromosomes that are similar in length, as well as gene and centromere position
meiosis a type of cell division in which a parent cell divides twice, producing four daughter cells (haploid sex cells)
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