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Cellular Structure
Cell structures ^__^
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plasma Membrane | Gateway of the cell. Made of a phospholipid bilayer; semi permeable. Protects the cell. |
| Cell wall | Protects the cell in plants and bacteria. Made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin. |
| Nucleus | "Command center." Controls all cell activities. Stores hereditary information. |
| Cytoplasm | where the organelles float |
| Rough ER | Synthesizes secretory and membrane proteins. With ribosomes. |
| Smooth ER | Synthesize lipids and cholesterols; detoxifies. No ribosomes |
| Golgi body | Modifies, sorts, packs, and delivers materials synthesized in the cell. |
| Lysosome | Suicide bag of the cell. Performs autolysis. Digests large molecules. |
| Vacuoles | stores substances |
| Mitochondria | the powerhouse of the cell |
| Plastids | makes and stores food in plant and algae |
| Chromoplasts | plastids that produces and stores pigments in plants |
| Leucoplasts | plastids that store food (lipid and protein) |
| Chloroplasts | Plastids that convert light energy into chemical energy. Absorbs red light and reflects green light. |
| Centrosome | helps in the movement of chromosome in cell division |
| Cytoskeleton | determines and strengthens strucure of the cell |
| Chromatins | Located in the nucleus. Long strands of DNA. |
| Nucleolus | contains rRNA |
| Transmembrane protein | material transport |
| Glycoprotein | carbohydrate + protein |
| Plasmodesmata | passes communication signals in plants, from cell to cell in plants |
| Carotenoids | cause of other colors in plants |
| Capsule | Causes surface attachments in bacteria. Uses camouflage to not be recognized by immune system. Protects bacteria. |
| G+ Cell Wall | Thick layer of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall |
| G- Cell wall | Thin layer of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall |
| Plasmids | Circular DNA that contain antibiotic resistance properties. |
| Pilli | Tubular outgrowth responsible for the creation of conjugation tube. |
| Conjugation | transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another through cell to cell contact. |
| Flagellum | responsible for motility and cell movement in bacteria. |
| 70S Ribosome | Prokaryotic ribosome |
| 80S Ribosome | Eukaryotic ribosome |
| Svedberg unit (S) | unit used for sedimentation |
| Chemoattractants | Chemical of nutrients that attract bacterial cells. Counterclockwise. |
| Chemorepellants | Chemicals in toxic substances that repel bacterial cells. Clockwise flagella movement. |
| Helical screw (Filament) | Responsible for rotation |
| Switch | Part of the Basal Body. Orders the helical screw. (FliG, FliM, FliN) |
| Basal Body | Detailed parts of the flagella. Commands the Helical Screw |
| Hook | Universal joint. Connects the Basal body and the Helical Screw |
| Microfilaments | aka actin filaments |
| Microtubules | aka tubuline filaments |
| Intermediate filaments | filaments that contain other protein |
| Peroxisome | organelle responsible for oxidation |
| Lanellae | connecting tubes between thylakoids |
| Thylakoids | flat hollow membrane disks in chloroplasts |
| Granum | Thylakoid stacks |
| Stroma | contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes (chloroplasts) |
Created by:
mararomilla
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