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Chapter 3

cell structure and function (1st semester, 9th grade)

QuestionAnswer
cell smallest functional unit of life
unicellular has one cell
multicellular has multiple cells
cell theory 1) cells are the basic unit of life 2) all organisms are made of one or more cells 3) cells form from existing cells
organelles tiny organs in the cells
Plasma membrane thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cell contents from it's environment
cytoplasm matrix that fills the inside of the cell
nucleus center of the cell
cytoskeleton network of protein in fibers and tubes going throughout the cytoplasm, gives the cytoplasm shape
chromatin (chromosomes) is all of the genetic material of the cell needed to make new cells
nuclear envelope surrounds the chromatin and nucleus, separates nucleus from the cytoplasm
nuclear pores allow compounds in and out of the cells
nucleolus dark part in the center of the nucleus
ribosomes inside nucleus, builds proteins
eukaryotes cells with a nucleus
prokaryotes cells with no nucleus
Rough E.R. has ribosomes , helps build proteins and membranes
Smooth E.R. no ribosomes, builds lipids
Golgi Apperatus flat membrane, packaging center, packaged and distributed molecules
mitochondira powerhouse of cell, changes energy that is stored in food compounds into form that we need
lysosome sack-like organelle in charge of digesting large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
cilia short, hair-like projections that usually occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells
flagella long, tail-like projections. Organisms usually have one or a few flagellum
cell wall plant cells have walls surrounding the cell
chloroplasts (plant), helps plant build sugars using energy from the sun (photosynthesis)
vacuoles (plant), large central compartment that serves many functions: 1) absorbs water 2) stores proteins, ion, waste, products of metabolism
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