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SLSBio11Cellbiology
SLS Bio11 Cellbiology (DB)
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
Chromosome | threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes |
Cristae | In-foldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP. |
Cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
Eukaryotic cell | Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes. |
Granum | a stack of thylakoid disks within the chloroplast |
Matrix | Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion |
Cell cycle | The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo |
Apoptosis | process of programmed cell death |
Crossing-over | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. |
Diploid | containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. |
Haploid | having a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
Gamete | a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. |
Mitosis | is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells |
Meiosis | a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. |
Prokaryotic cell | cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. |
Stroma | In plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast. |
Thylakoid | A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy. |
Aerobic | Process that requires oxygen |
Anabolism | Constructive metabolism; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones |
Catabolism | Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy. |
Cellular respiration | Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
Fermentation | Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen |
Glycolysis | the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid. |
Chlorophyll | A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria |
Photosynthesis | Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars |