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SLSBio11Cellbiology

SLS Bio11 Cellbiology (DB)

TermDefinition
Chloroplast organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
Chromosome threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Cristae In-foldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
Cytoplasm A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Eukaryotic cell Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.
Granum a stack of thylakoid disks within the chloroplast
Matrix Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion
Cell cycle The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo
Apoptosis process of programmed cell death
Crossing-over Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.
Diploid containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Haploid having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
Gamete a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells
Meiosis a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.
Prokaryotic cell cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
Stroma In plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast.
Thylakoid A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy.
Aerobic Process that requires oxygen
Anabolism Constructive metabolism; the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones
Catabolism Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
Cellular respiration Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Fermentation Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen
Glycolysis the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Chlorophyll A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
Photosynthesis Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars
Created by: dbanks44
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