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Ch 2.1 G.H. Biology
Guest Hollow Biology Chapter 2.1 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
amino acid | small molecule that is a building block of proteins |
carbohydrate | organic compound such as sugar or starch |
chemical bond | force that holds molecules together |
chemical reaction | process that changes some chemical substances into others |
complementary base pair | pair of nucleotide bases that bond together—either adenine and thymine (or uracil) or cytosine and guanine |
compound | substance with a unique, fixed composition that consists of two or more elements |
DNA | double-stranded nucleic acid that makes up genes and chromosomes |
double helix | double spiral shape of the DNA molecule |
element | pure substance that cannot be broken down into other types of substances |
lipid | organic compound such as fat or oil |
matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
monosaccharide | simple sugar such as glucose that is a building block of carbohydrates |
nucleic acid | organic compound such as DNA or RNA |
nucleotide | small molecule containing a sugar, phosphate group, and base that is a building block of nucleic acids |
organic compound | compound found in living things that contains mainly carbon |
polynucleotide | chain of nucleotides that alone or with another such chain makes up a nucleic acid |
polypeptide | chain of amino acids that alone or with other such chains makes up a protein |
polysaccharide | chain of monosaccharides that makes up a complex carbohydrate such as starch |
protein | organic compound made up of amino acids |
RNA | single-stranded nucleic acid that helps make proteins |
saturated fatty acid | molecule in lipids in which carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible |
unsaturated fatty acid | molecule in lipids in which some carbon atoms are bonded to other groups of atoms rather than to hydrogen atoms |