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RHS Flashcards (III)
Dentistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Developing and Fixing solutions are/are not sterilizing agents | are Not |
| Density | overall darkness or blackness |
| Milliamperage | current coming in; tells you how many, # of, quantity. |
| Kilovoltage Peak | penetrating power, quality |
| Exposure Time | standard 1/60th sec, digital- 1/100th sec |
| TFD(target-film distance) | the distance from the target to the film should be as long as possible to direct the most parallel rays to the film and object |
| OFD(object-film distance) | the film and the object should be as close together as possible to reduce the amount of magnification |
| Purpose of Film Processing(2) | to convert the latent (invisible) image on the film into a visible image, to preserve the visible image so that it is permanent and does not disappear from the dental radiograph |
| Silver Halide crystals duty | absorb x-radiation and store energy |
| 2 methods of processing radiographic films | manual and automatic |
| Manual Film processing (5) | developing solutions, film rinse, fixing solutions, wash film, dry films |
| Developing purposes (2) | softens emulsion, and distinguishes between exposed and unexposed silver halide crystals to form image |
| Rinsing Purpose | to remove developer chemicals |
| Fixing purposes (2) | removes unexposed crystals (unenergized) and hardens the emulsion |
| Water Bath purpose | rinses out chemicals from film |
| Replace Manual Chemicals | every 3-4 weeks |
| Developing solution Chemicals (4) | developing agent, preservative, accelerator, restrainer |
| Developing Agent (2) | hydroquinoine- generates black tones and sharp contrast, elon-acts to quickly produce, generates shades of gray |
| Preservative | sodium sulfite-antioxidate to prevent developer solution from oxidizing in presence of air, extends life |
| Accelerator | sodium carbonate- alkali or base solution to activate the developing solution |
| Restrainer | potassium bromide-control developer solution and prevent the developing of exposed and unexposed silver halide crystals, prevents fog |
| Fixing solution Chemicals (4) | fixing agent, preservative, hardening agent, acidifier |
| Fixing Agent (clearing Agent) | sodium thiosulfate- remove unexposed silver halide crystals |
| Preservative | sodium sulfite-prevents chemicals from deteriorating |
| Hardening Agent | potassium alum- hardens and shrinks the emulsion |
| Acidifer | acrtic acid or sulfuric acid-neutralizes the alkaline developer |
| Two types of lightening | safe light- (7 1/2 or 15 watts, red-orange light spectrum) , and overhead lighting-used to perform tasks |
| Difference between Manual and Automatic Processing | automatic has no rinse |
| Reticulation | emulsion cracking (pebbled or cracked appearance), from temp being over at least 5 degrees |
| Air Bubble Appearance | white spots on film image |
| Fogged film appearance | gray film image; lacks detail and contrast |
| Replenisher solutions must be replenished | daily |
| Fixer spots | white spots appear on the film |
| Developer spots | dark sots appear on the film |
| Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen | discovered x-radiation in 1895 |
| William Rollins | developed first dental x-ray unit |
| Film-less Radiography introduced in | 1987 |
| Shades of gray | 256 |
| Types of scanners (3) | round drum, flat screen, and slot scanner |
| Speed of light | 186,000 miles per second |
| photons | bundles of energy with no mass or weight that travel as waves at the speed of light and move through space in a straight line |
| Stochastic Effects | direct function of dose with the probability of occurrence increasing with increased dose, ex. cancer, genetic mutations |
| Non-stochastic Effects | have a threshold and increased severity with increased absorbed dose, ex. loss of hair, decreased fertility, erythema |
Created by:
a.rodriguez
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