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Biology Vocabulary
Vocab Flashcards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | A basic unit of matter that contains a dense, central nucleus covered with a cloud of negatively charged electrons. |
| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down into further substances, and is made up of its own type of atom. |
| Molecule | Group of atoms bonded together. |
| Compound | Consists of two or more simple parts or indiviuals in combination. |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Mass number | The sum of protons and neutrons. |
| Atomic Weight | The mass of an atom, which is approximately equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom. |
| Valence Electron | The outermost electrons which determine properties of elements. |
| Electron | Subatomic particle with a negative electric charge. |
| Proton | Subatomic particle with an electric charge of +1 elementary charge. |
| Neutron | Subatomic particle with no electric charge. |
| Isotope | Atoms that have the same number of protons but different amount of neutrons. |
| Radioisotope | A radioactive isotope. |
| Electron configuration | Arrangement of electrons in energy levels around an atomic nucleus. |
| Bond | An attraction between atoms in a molecule or crystalline structure. |
| Polar Bond | A type of covalent bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared unequally, resulting in a bond in which one atom has a slightly negative charge and the other slightly positive. |
| Nonpolar Bond | A type of covalent bond between two atoms in which electrons are equally shared. |
| Hydrogen bond | A chemical bond in which a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom, especially a nitrogen, oxygen , or fluorine atom. |
| Solvent | A liquid used for dissolving other substances. |
| Solution | A liquid mixture in which the minor component is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent). |
| Solute | A minor component of a solution, dissolved in the solvent. |
| Hydrophobic | To repel or fail to mix with water. |
| Hydrophilic | Mixes or dissolves or gets wet by water. |
| Amino acid | A simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl and an amino. |
| Nucleotide | A compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA |
| Peptide bond | The primary linkage of all protein structures; the chemical bond between the carboxyl groups and amino groups that unite a peptide. |
| Lipid | Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids. |
| Saturated fat | A type of fat containing a high proportion of fatty acid molecules without double bonds, considered to be less healthy in the diet than saturated fats. |
| Saccaride | Another term for sugar. |
| Specific heat(water) | A heat required to raise the temperature of water or te substance by a given amount ( usually one ). |
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