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Unit One Bio review
Review for Biology Test One
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | Smallest functional organization of matter not the smallest because they have smaller parts inside of them which have even smaller parts inside of them |
| Element | Atoms of all the same size and number of protons |
| Molecule | 2 or more ATOMS covalently bonded together |
| Compound | 2 or more atoms or DIFFERENT elements bonded together |
| Atomic Number | the atomic number is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral element |
| Mass Number | The total number of Protons and Neutrons in an atoms nucleus |
| Atomic Weight | sum of the protons and electrons in the most common isotope of the element |
| Valence Electron | Electrons in the outermost energy level of the electrons cloud |
| Electron | has a negative charge and almost no mass so it isn't counted with the mass of the atom it is located in the electron cloud |
| Proton | has a positive charge and the same mass as neutrons located in the nucleus |
| Neutron | has a neutral charge and is located in the nucleus it has the same mass as protons |
| Isotope | 2 or more forms of the same element |
| Radioisotope | radioactive isotopes they can have an unstable combination of protons and neutrons or excess energy in the nucleus |
| Electron Configuration | arrangement of electrons within the atoms |
| Bond | attractions between atoms, ions, or molecules that enables the formation of chemicalcompounds |
| Polar bond | share electrons unequally and create poles which create intermolecular reactions type of covalent bond |
| Nonpolar Bonds | share Electrons very easily and don't create poles type of covalent bond |
| Hydrogen Bond | A weak bond between two molecules resulting between the electrostatic attraction between the proton in one atom and the electronegative atom in the other |
| Solvent | Able to dissolve other substances |
| Solution | a liquid mixture in which the solute is uniformly distributed in the solvent |
| Solute | dissolved in a solvent |
| Hydrophobic | Nonpolar molecules that are rejected from water since they are nonpolar they prefer neutral molecules and nonpolar solvents |
| Hydrophilic | having the tendency to mix with water |
| Amino Acid | monomers that make up proteins |
| Nucleotide | monomers that make up nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA |
| peptide Bond | chemical bonds formed between 2 molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other |
| Lipid | Functions= Long term energy storage, Protection against heat loss, Protection against Physical shock, Protection against Water loss, Chemical Messengers, Major components of membranes nonpolar monomer= fatty acids |
| Saturated fat | no double bonds bad for you |
| Saccharide | another term for sugar |
| Specific Heat(water) | Water stores heat in the summer but still stays cold and then in the winter it releases the heat making the water warmer in the winter months |
| Protein | Provides energy and structure and provides body repairs monomer= amino acids Foods high in protein= Milk, eggs, poultry, meat Amino acids create covalent bonds called polypeptides |
| Carbohydrate | sugars monomers= sugars and starches Provides energy and structural support 1 Carbon, 2 Hydrogen, and 1 Oxygen Inside of Breads, Cereal, and vegetables |
| polymer | large molecules consisting of monomers bonded together |
| nucleic Acids | monomer= nucleotides genetic material DNA & RNA- examples 3 parts: Sugar, Phosphate group, and Nitrogen Base( cytosine, guanine, adenine, Thymine, and uracil) |
| Monosaccharide | carbohydrate 1 sugar molecule |
| Disaccharide | carbohydrate 2 sugar molecules |
| Polysaccharide | carbohydrate many sugars Energy and structural support Energy polysaccharides are stored as starch in plant and Glycogen in animals |
| DNA | hereditary material passed on from parents to offspring |
| Biomolecules | Large molecules that are needed for life |
| Electronegativity | the ability of an atom to attract electrons |
| Adhesion | Water molecules stick to other substances |
| Cohesion | Water molecules stick to each other |
Created by:
ajain6928
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