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Cell Vocab Mr T

Cells

TermDefinition
Cell the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism and shows all the characteristics of a living thing.
Organelle Plant organelle that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
Prokaryotic A unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus. One example is bacteria.
Eukaryotic Any organism whose cells have a cell nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. Plants and animals are good examples.
Multicellular Organisms that consist of more than one cell.
Unicellular A single cell.
Biotic Living. Plant and animals are examples
Abiotic Non-Living, Physical rather than biological. Sun, rocks, air
Plasma membrane (Cell Membrane) The Gatekeeper Membrane that surrounds a cell. It controls which substances move into and out of the cell and recognizes other cells. They are very soft and flexible in plant and animal cells.
Cell wall The rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants. It provides support to a plant.
Chloroplast Organelle that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. Only found in plant cells, but not the plant roots.
Mitochondria (Power Plant of the Cell) Organelle found in large numbers in most cells. It converts food energy into sugars (energy) used by the cell.
Cytoplasm Fluid material within a living cell. It fills most of the cell and allows organelles to move around in a cell.
Lysosome Organelle in the cytoplasm of only animal cells. It breaks down food particles and worn-out cell parts.
Nucleus Control center of the cell. It directs cell activities
Cell theory All living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells.
Virus A nonliving particle that infects a cell and causes the cell to make multiple copies of the virus. Not alive because it relies on Host organism to reproduce.
Neurons (Nerve Cell) A specialized cell that carries and transmits messages throughout the body. A part of the nervous System.
Dendrites Fingerlike projections on a neuron which receive messages from other neurons
Axon The tail-like part of a neuron.
Mitosis The process by which cells divide.
Homeostasis The relatively stable internal environment that a living thing must maintain for it to function
Free Living Being able to live independently. One example is bacteria.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) Organelle that processes and transports proteins needed by the cell
Smooth ER Organelle that processes and transports substances other than proteins. It has no ribosomes.
Golgi Apparatus (Cell Warehouse) An organelle that packages and distributes proteins and materials from the ER and sends them to other parts of the cell
Nuclear Membrane Membrane that surrounds the nucleus
Vesicles Membrane bound sacs of fluid found in both plants and animals that move molecules within cells. They are much smaller than a vacuole.
DNA A large molecule that holds coded instructions for making the proteins that the cell needs.
Central Vacuole A large sac filled with water and makes a plant more rigid. It helps stand tall!
Chloroplast Plant organelle that makes food for cells using energy from the sun (photosynthesis)
Ribosome Small structure that occurs freely or is attached to the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell and produces proteins needed by the cell
Five Characteristics of Living Things Made up of Cells, Ability to Reproduce, Responds to the Environment, Uses Resources for Energy, Grows and Develops
Pseudopod Part of a unicellular organism that allows it to move. Bacteria and amoeba have these.
Amoeba A unicellular organism that can change its shape. It wraps its pseudopods around prey to consume it and stores it in a food vacuole filled with enzymes which break it down. They do not have mouths or digestive organs.
Created by: mrtrapani
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