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WM Biology Chapter11

Vocab Words from Chapter 11

QuestionAnswer
Nitrogenous base Carbon structure found in DNA or RNA that contatins one or more atoms of nitrogen
Double helix Shape of DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike stucture and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases
DNA replication Process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis
Messanger RNA MRNA, transports info from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm
Ribosomal RNA RNA that makes up the ribosomes; clamps onto mRNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order
Transfer RNA RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to assembled into protiens
Transcription Process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand
Codon Set of three nitrogenous bases that represents an amino acid; order of nitrogenous bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in a protien
Translation Process of converting info in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protien
Mutation Any change or random error in a DNA sequence
Point mutation Mutation in DNA sequence; occurs from a change in a single base pair
Frameshift mutation Mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA; causes a shift in the reading of codons by one base
Chromosomal mutation Mutation that occurs at the chromosomes level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gametes during meiosis
Mutagen Any agent that can cause a change in DNA; includes high-energy radiation, chemicals, or high tempertures
Created by: TBrylewski
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