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8th Grade Ch 12

Genetics

TermDefinition
heredity the passing of traits from parents to offspring
genetics the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring
dominant trait a genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor
recessive trait a genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor
gene a section of DNA on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait
allele a different form of a gene
phenotype how a trait appears or is expressed; the physical appearance
genotype the alleles of all the genes on an organism's chromosomes; controls an organism's phenotype; the letters used to represent the alleles
homozygous a genotype in which the two alleles of a gene are the same
heterozygous a genotype in which the two alleles of a gene are different
Punnett square a model that is used to show the probability of all possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring
incomplete dominance an inheritance pattern in which an offspring's phenotype is a combination of the parents' phenotypes
codominance an inheritance pattern in which both alleles can be observed in a phenotype
polygenic inheritance an inheritance pattern in which multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait
DNA the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, an organism's genetic material
nucleotide a molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
replication the process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule
RNA abbreviation for ribonucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
transcription the process of making mRNA from DNA
translation teh process of making a protein from RNA
mutation a permanent change in the sequence of DNA, or in the nucleotides, in a gene or on a chromosome
Created by: lrlong7
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