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Advanced Higher
U1 - KA2c - Proteins
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What joins amino acids together to create a polypeptide? | Peptide bonds |
| In which 5 ways do R groups differ from one another? | Size, Shape, Charge, Hydrogen bonding capacity, chemical reactivity. |
| What are the four classifications of amino acids? | Basic, acidic, polar and hydrophobic |
| Which amino acid groups are positively charged? | Basic amino acids |
| Which amino acid groups are negatively charged? | Acidic amino acids |
| If an amino acid has an -OH in their R group, this can be categorised as which amino acid? | Polar |
| If an amino acid has an -NH2 in their R group, this can be categorised as which amino acid? | Basic |
| If an amino acid has carbons and hydrogens in their R group, this can be categorised as which amino acid? | Hydrophobic |
| If an amino acid has an -COOH in their R group, this can be categorised as which amino acid? | Acidic |
| What determines protein structure | The sequence of amino acids. |
| Which type of reaction causes a peptide bond to form? | A condensation reaction |
| What is the byproduct of a condensation reaction? | A water molecule |
| Define the primary structure of a protein. | The sequence in which the amino acids are synthesised into a polypeptide. |
| Which bond stabilises the secondary structure of a protein? | Hydrogen bonds |
| Where would you find hydrogen bonds? | Along the backbone of the protein strand. |
| What are the three types of secondary protein structure? | Alpha helix, beta pleated sheets, turns |
| Which type of beta pleated sheet has chains running in opposite directions? | Anti-parallel beta pleated sheet. |
| Which bonding stabilises the tertiary structure of a protein? | Ionic, London dispersal forces, disulfide bridges, hydrogen and hydrophobic |
| What is the quaternary structure of a protein? | When multiple polypeptide subunits are joined together. |
| What is a non-protein component called? | A prosthetic group |
| What is the definition of a prosthetic group? | A non protein component that is essential for the proteins function. |
| What is the proteome? | The entire set of proteins expressed by the genome. |
| Why is the proteome larger than the genome? | Due to alternative RNA splicing |
| What do non-coding RNA genes code for? | tRNA, rRNA and other RNA's that control the expression of other genes. |
| State a factor that can affect the specific proteins expressed in a cell. | Metabolic activity of the cell, cellular stress, response to signalling molecules and diseased cells. |
Created by:
StNiniansHS
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