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H U3 - Biodiversity

Higher - Unit 3 - Biodiversity

QuestionAnswer
What is genetic diversity The number and frequency of alleles within a population
Define Ecosystem diversity Number of distinct ecosystems within a defined area.
Define Species diversity The species richness and relative abundance in an ecosystem.
If there is a dominant species in an area, what happens to species diversity? Species diversity is lowered.
What are the 3 components to biodiversity? Genetic, ecosystem and species
What are the three threats to biodiversity? Over exploitation, Habitat loss, invasive species
Give two examples of over exploitation. Over-fishing, Over-hunting
What is the bottleneck effect? When a large population becomes much smaller due to a natural distaster
What is the disadvantage to the bottleneck effect? 1. Small populations loose genetic variation for them to adapt to environmental change. 2. Causes inbreeding leading to poor reproductive rates.
What is habitat fragmentation? The clearing of habitats.
What happens when there is degradation of the edges of habitats? This increases competition between species, decreasing biodiversity.
Habitat fragmentation makes habitats become ... Smaller and more isolated.
State the solution to habitat fragmentation. Habitat corridors.
What are habitat corridors? Area of natural habitat that links two fragments together.
What are the advantages to habitat corridors? 1. Increases access to food or mates 2. Leads to recolonisation of fragments after local extinction.
What is an introduced species? When humans have moved species intentionally / accidentally to a new location.
What is a naturalised species? When introduced species become established in their new location.
What is an invasive species? When an organism spreads rapidly and eliminates the native species.
Why are invasive species successful in their new location? The new location is free from predators / pathogens / parasites.
Why are native species eliminated by invasive species? Invasive, prey on native species, outcompete native species and hybridise with native species.
Created by: StNiniansHS
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