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Mammalia and Aves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Class Aves: most unique characteristic | feathers |
| Class Aves: types of feathers | contour, down |
| contour feathers | flight, body covering |
| down feathers | insulating |
| which is a better insulator/ is warmer... feathers or fur/hair | feathers are warmer |
| Class Aves: preening | birds applying oil to their feaethers |
| Class Aves: appendages- pectoral | no claws, wing types determine the kind of flight and maneuverability |
| Class Aves: appendages- pelvic | claws, covered in scales, perching mechanism, talons |
| Class Aves: skelteon/support | hollow bones, wings, 4 clawed toes, keel, wishbone |
| Class Aves: digestion | high energy requirements, have a crop, gizzard, intestine, cloaca |
| Class Aves: respiration | air sacs, small inelastic lungs, syrinx |
| syrinx | song box in birds |
| Class Aves: circulatory | 4 chambered heart, very rapid heart-rate, blood circulates from the ventricle to the arteries |
| Class Aves: excretion | kidney's empty into the cloaca, no bladder |
| Class Aves: responce | brain, flight, very good sight and hearing |
| Class Aves: reproduction | courtship, internal fertilization, oviparous, has amniotic egg |
| Class Aves: altricial chicks | shorter incubation period, hatchlings less developed, smaller families (less than 6), nests usually high up (ex: trees). EX: song birds |
| Class Aves: precocial chicks | longer incubation period, hatchlings more developed, larger family (larger than 10), nests usually on the ground. EX: ducks |
| Class Aves: why do birds migrate | food, nesting locations, (warmer temp. involved) |
| Class Aves: how do birds migrate | sun or stars, magnetic fields (these are more instinctive)....... visual landmarks, olfactory senses (these are more learned) |
| flightless birds characteristics, (general) | generally lack a keel |
| birds of prey characteristics, (general) | strong talons, large wings, strong flyers |
| Example of flightless birds | swimmers- penguins, ...... runners-ostriches, emus |
| Example of birds of prey | Nighttime hunters, daytime hunters, carrion feeders |
| Example of nighttime hunters and charectaristics | forward eyes, soft feathers, no carrion, EX: owls |
| Example of daytime hunters and charectaristics | catches food but will eat carrion, EX: falcons, hawks, eagles |
| Example of Carrion feeders | vultures |
| game birds characteristics, (general) | weak flyers (short distances) |
| Example of game birds | ground nesters- quail, turkey, chicken,...... arboreal nesters- pigeons, doves |
| Example of water birds | divers, swimmers, waders, shore birds |
| Example of divers and charecteristics | dive to catch food, EX: pelicans |
| Example of swimmers and charecteristics | short legs, webbed feet, EX: ducks, swans, geese |
| Example of waders and charecteristics | long legs, often un-webbed feet, EX: storks,cranes, flamingos |
| Example of shore birds and chareecteristics | medium legs, strong flyers, EX: gulls, sandpiper |
| songbirds characteristics, (general) | perching birds, many produce beautiful songs |
| Class Mammalia: most unique charecteristic | hair and mammary glands |
| Class Mammalia: movement | legs |
| Class Mammalia: support | solid bones, muscles |
| Class Mammalia: body covering | hair- guard hair, under-hair, (grows from follicle) |
| Class Mammalia: function of guard hair and under-hair | insulator, camouflage, sensation, protection (quills) |
| Class Mammalia: opportunistic feeder | eats whatever it can find |
| Class Mammalia: teeth- diphyodont | 2 sets of teeth |
| Class Mammalia: teeth- polyphyodont | many teeth |
| Class Mammalia: teeth- homodont | all teeth are the same |
| Class Mammalia: teeth- heterodont | have special teeth depending on diet |
| Class Mammalia: teeth- carnivores | enlarged canines |
| Class Mammalia: teeth- herbivores | enlarged inscisors |
| Class Mammalia: herbivores- ruminants | ruman- chamber in the stomach where micro-organisms are. (these are for breaking down cellulose.. EX: cows, deer, giraffes, camels |
| Class Mammalia: herbivores- nonruminants | have a cecum, EX: manatees, horses, pigs, elephants |
| cecum | digestive organ between the small and large intestine. (only in non-ruminant herbivores |
| Class Mammalia: respiration | lungs, diaphragm, larynx |
| larynx | voice box |
| Class Mammalia: circulation | 4 chambered heart,..... right side of the heart- deoxygenated blood....... left side of the heart- oxygenated blood |
| Class Mammalia: where does the deoxygenated blood go first | the veins (right side) |
| Class Mammalia: where does the veins take the deoxygenated blood | the right atrium |
| Class Mammalia: where does the right atrium take the deoxygenated blood | the right ventricle |
| Class Mammalia: where does the right ventricle take the deoxygentated blood | the arteries (right side) |
| Class Mammalia: where does the arteries (right side) bring the deoxygenated blood | the lungs |
| Class Mammalia: what happens to the deoxygenated blood in the lungs | get oxygenated blood |
| Class Mammalia: where does the blood go to after getting oxygenated in the lungs | it goes to the veins (left side) |
| Class Mammalia: where does the left veins take the oxygenated blood | the left atrium |
| Class Mammalia: where does the left atrium take the left atrium take the oxygenated blood | the left ventrical |
| Class Mammalia: where does the left ventricle take the oxygenated blood | the arteries (left side) |
| Class Mammalia: where does the arteries (left side) bring the oxygenated blood | away from the heart and to the rest of the body |
| Class Mammalia: response | brain (very large cerebrum) , sensory organs similar to man |
| Class Mammalia: excretion | kidney's, bladder |
| Class Mammalia: reproduction | internal reproduction, mostly viviparous, has a uterus, placenta, umbilical chord, and mammary glands |
| monotremes | lay eggs, mammary glands but no nipples, no teeth, EX: platypus, echidna, |
| marsupials | nipples in abdominal pouch, lack a true placenta, ovoviviporous, "premature"young, EX: kangaroo, sloth, opposum |
| rodentia | largest order of mammals, two sets of teeth that grow throughout their life, chisel-like incissors |
| carnivora | enlarged canines, largest predators, EX: canines, felines, bears |
| aquatic mammals- cetacea | born in water, bear young in water, EX: dolphins, whales |
| aquatic mammals- pinnipedia | born on land, EX: sea otters, walrus, otter |
| Sea cows | nostrils rather than blowholes, EX: manatees |
| Primates | freely moving limbs, "erect walking" , EX: monkeys, gorilla, chipanzee |
| Odd-hoffed mammals | single toe or 3 toes, EX: horse, zebra, donkey, rhinoseaus |
| even-toed mammals charecteristics | 2 or 4 hooves. |
| what are the 2 families in the even-toed mammals | cow family, deer family |
| cow family | must have horns, grow throughout life, "clean" |
| deer family | have antlers, replaced annually, "unclean" |
| flying mammals | bats |
| trunked mammals | elephants |
| toothless mammals | sloths, |
| rodent-like mammals | hind legs jump, EX: rabbits, hares |
| insect-eating mammals | underground, EX: shrew, mole |
| ungulate | hoofed animals |
Created by:
nightworks
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