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MMS Genetics
Genetics Unit Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Traits | A specific version of a characteristic (Example: Blue eyes, brown hair, curly hair, green peas) |
| Characteristic | A general category of inherited traits (Example: Eye color, hair color, skin tone) |
| Sexual Reproduction | 2 parents, 2 sources of DNA. Produces genetically unique offspring (kids that have a different combination of DNA than their parents) (Example: humans - egg is fertilized by sperm) |
| Asexual Reproduction | 1 parent, 1 source of DNA. Produces an exact genetic copy, or a clone, of the parent (example: bacteria copy DNA and divide into a new cell) |
| Mutation | When DNA is miscopied, a mistake in the DNA occurs |
| Fertilization | When an egg cell and sperm cell combine |
| Clone | An exact genetic copy of another organism (the same DNA) |
| sperm cell | Male reproductive cell, contains half of a set of DNA |
| egg cell | Female reproductive cell, contains half of a set of DNA |
| inherited | when traits or genes are passed from parents to offspring |
| gene | a sequence of DNA that codes for a trait |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid, contained in the nucleus, and makes chromosomes comes from parents, is a double helix shape |
| dominant | an allele (part of a gene) that shows up and is represented by a capital letter. It will cover up a recessive trait (Example: T, B, blue tail color) |
| recessive | an allele (part of a gene) that only shows up if both alleles are recessive. It can be covered by a dominant allele (Example: t, b, orange tail color) |
| allele | Part of a gene, 2 are needed for a complete gene (Example: T) |
| homozygous | when both alleles in a gene are the same (Example: TT, tt) |
| heterozygous | when each allele in a gene are different (Example: Tt) |
| genotype | the alleles that make up a gene (What the genes say) Example: Tt, TT, tt |
| phenotype | the physical appearance based on the genotype. Example: blue tail color, orange tail color, brown eyes |
| Punnett Square | a diagram used to show the likelihood of each outcome of a breeding experiment |
| Gregor Mendel | The father of genetics. An austrian monk who bred pea plants to study inheritance |
| co-dominance | When traits inherited show BOTH traits of the parents (Example: A parent with type A blood and a parent with type B blood have a child with type AB blood) |
| incomplete dominance | When traits inherited are in between the other traits (Example: a red flower is bread with a white flower to make a pink flower) |
| chromosome | a long strand of DNA that contains genes. Humans have 46 chromosomes - 23 from each parent. |
Created by:
cvanwyk
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