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5.3 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chromosome | coiled structure made of DNA and proteins containing sister chromatids that is the form in which the genetic material of a cell goes through cell division |
| gene | unit of DNA on a chromosome that is encoded with the instructions for a single protein |
| homologous chromosomes | pair of chromosomes that have the same size and shape and contain the same genes. get one from mom and one from dad. |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that involves a single parent and results in offspring that are all genetically identical to the parent |
| crossing | over |
| diploid (2n) | having two of each type of chromosome |
| egg | Female gamete (sex cell) |
| fertilization | fusion of male and female gametes. |
| gamete | reproductive cell produced during meiosis that has the haploid number of chromosomes |
| gametogenesis | development of haploid cells into gametes such as sperm and egg |
| haploid (1n) | having only one chromosome of each type |
| independent assortment | the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes. Different chromosome combinations end up in different gametes. (some from mom & some from dad) |
| meiosis | type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half and four haploid (1n) cells result (used in the production of sperm and egg cells) |
| sexual reproduction | type of reproduction that involves the fertilization of gametes produced by two parents and produces offspring that are genetically different |
| sperm | Male gamete (sex cell) |
| zygote | diploid cell (2n) that forms when two haploid (1n) gametes combine during fertilization. |
| ovum (ova) | A mature egg cell |
| binary fission | A form of asexual reproduction in single |
| Fragmentation | A means of asexual reproduction where a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals. (starfish) |
| budding | A form of asexual reproduction of yeast in which a new cell grows out of the body of a parent. |
| ovule and pollen grain | gametes (sex cells) of plants |
| sperm and egg | gametes (sex cells) of animals |
| Mitosis | part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides. results in a compete set of DNA (diploid)(2n) |
| type of cell division that happens in body cells. growth and repair. identical cells. complete set of chromosomes (2n) | mitosis |
| type of cell division that happens to produce gametes (sex cells). genetically different. half the number of chromosomes (1n) | meiosis |
| 23 | haploid number for humans |
| 46 | diploid number for humans |
Created by:
ssingewald
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