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Teas-Science
Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hard calcified material that makes up the skeleton. | Bone |
| A group of diseases that affect collagen and result in fragile bones. | Brittle bone disease |
| Micro-scoping canals in ossified bone. | Canaliculi |
| Tough, elastic connective tissue found in parts of the body such as the ear. | Cartilage |
| The primary structural protein of connective tissue | Collagen |
| Channels in bone that contain blood vessels and nerves. | Haversian canal. |
| Layers of bone, tissue, or cell walls. | Lamellae |
| Flattened bone cells that come from osteoblasts. | Lining Cells |
| Degenerative joint disease | Osteoarthritis |
| Cells that make bone | Osteoblast |
| Cells that remove bone | Osteoclasts |
| Bone cells | Osteocytes. |
| Bone’s dynamic nature is possible because it is living tissue containing "BLANK", "BLANK", and "BLANK". | Cells ,collagen matrix, and minerals. |
| "BLANK" maintain bone, and their thin cellular projections sense physical stresses on bone. | Osteocytes |
| "BLANK" make bone, and "BLANK" break it down. | Osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
| "BLANK" , performed by osteoclasts, removes calcium from bone so it can enter the bloodstream. | Mineral resorption |
| "BLANK" use calcium to communicate with each other and rely upon its presence in extracellular fluid for normal muscle contraction inhibition. | Neurons |
| Sufficient deficits in plasma calcium, which is called "BLANK" causes tetany, an involuntary and continuous contraction of skeletal muscle | Hypocalcemia |
| Osteoclasts liberate "BLANK" from bone-bound reserves. | Calcium |
| When too much calcium is depleted from bone, "BLANK" results: bones porous of minerals that are weak and brittle. | Osteoporosis |
| Osteoblast secretions allow in bones, a process that is inhibited elsewhere in the body. | Mineralization |
| This mineral deposition is in the form of "BLANK" (a calcium phosphate salt). | Hydroxyapatite |
| "BLANK" produce a highly organized collagen matrix to which extracellular hydroxyapatite binds. | Osteoblasts |
| "BLANK" protein gives bone flexibility, while "BLANK" the that encrust those fibers give them strength. | Collagen, Minerals |
| The symptoms of "BLANK" disease result from the genetically-based corruption of bone’s collagen matrix. | Brittle bone |
| In compact bone, the mineral-laden collagen matrix is organized into long concentric layers, called "BLANK" , like the growth rings of a tree. | Lamellae |
| Between each lamella are microscopic pockets or "BLANK" where bone cells reside. | Lacunae |
| Cell communication between the lacunae occurs through microscopic tunnels,"BLANK" , which transverse lamellae. | Canaliculi |
| A grouping of concentric lamellae is called "BLANK" an and contains a central canal within its innermost ring. | Osteon |
| The central "BLANK" canals are passageways for nerves and blood vessels. | Haversian |
| The Haversian canals and their contents, running parallel within the center of each osteon, connect by way of perpendicular and oblique perforating "BLANK" canals. | Volkmann’s |
| "BLANK" bone has few osteons. | Spongy |
| The spongy bone contained within compact bone allows bone to be lighter and serves as a location for "BLANK" to reside. | Bone marrow |
| "BLANK" marrow is a site of blood formation and plays a role in the immune system | Red bone |
| "BLANK" marrow, present within the medullary cavity of adult long bones, is primarily composed of adipose. | Yellow bone |
| The longest long bone of the adult body is the "BLANK", so it contains the largest amount of yellow bone marrow | Femur |
| "BLANK", those that have a pronounced longitudinal axis, provide the mechanical advantages of levers where they articulate with other bones | Long bones |
| The hinge joint found in each elbow and knee allows"BLANK" of the more distal bone along only one plan. | Flexion and extension |
| The shoulders and hips are locations where long bones articulate with other bones in "BLANK" and "BLANK" joints. | Ball and Socket |
| Ball and socket joints allow for "BLANK" , "BLANK" , "BLANK" and "BLANK" of the associated long bone. | Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction and Rotation |
| "BLANK" (e.g., bones of the wrist, ankles, and patella) have a width similar to their height and articulate as gliding joints. | Short bones |
| Some "BLANK" , such as the plates of the skull, connect with each other at fused joints called sutures. | Flat bones |
| Bones that do not fit into Flat, Short, Long bone shape categories are called | Irregular bones. |
| "BLANK" of the skeleton is made possible through its association with soft tissue: cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and the periosteum that covers bones. | Articulation |
| "BLANK" connecting muscle to bone and ligaments, attaching bone to bone. | Tendons |
| At the location in the skeleton where bones are involved in articulations, bone-joint interfaces are protected by a covering of "BLANK" . | Hyaline cartilage |
| Inflammation and pain of a joint in such a state is called "BLANK" | Osteoarthritis |
| "BLANK" arthritis is caused by an autoimmune reaction rather than wear and tear at the joint | Rheumatoid |
| Hyaline cartilage is also involved in the bone elongation that happens at the "BLANK"(also called the growth plate). Here, newly generated cartilage is turned into bone. | Epiphyseal plate |
| An "BLANK" develops when the plate area stops producing cartilage. | Epiphyseal line |
| The skeleton can be thought of as having two major divisions: the "BLANK" and "BLANK" | Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton. |
| The "BLANK" skeleton consists of a skull that shields the brain, a thoracic cage of ribs and sternum that shelters the heart and lungs, and a series of vertebrae in which the spinal. | Axial |
| The axial skeleton plays a major role in "BLANK" and "BLANK" | Metabolism and movement. |
| In the skull, the "BLANK" with the "BLANK" to allow for the motions of mastication (chewing). | Mandible articulates, temporal bone |
| "BLANK" inside the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones are mucous membrane-lined cavities connecting with the nasal cavity. | Sinuses |
| The tiniest bones in the skull are the"BLANK" in the middle ears. | Three auditory ossicles |
| The "BLANK" bone is a point of tongue and larynx attachment, and it is unique in being the only bone that is not connected to the rest of the skeleton. | Hyoid |
| The vertebral column is made of three groups of similarly shaped bones: "BLANK", | The cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae. |
| On the cranial end of the vertebral column is cervical vertebra number 1 (C1), also known as the "BLANK", | Atlas. |
| Caudal to C1 is C2 of the seven cervical vertebrae. This vertebra is also known as the "BLANK" , and it contains a vertical projection into the atlas, a pivot that allows for the “no” | Axis |
| Between vertebrae are intervertebral discs made of "BLANK" | Cartilage. |
| At the level of the hips, five vertebrae that fuse together by adulthood make up the "BLANK" , which is joined on either side by a left and a right hip bone | Sacrum |
| Caudal to the sacrum the "BLANK" or the "BLANK" | Coccyx, Tailbone. |
| The upper region of the appendicular skeleton includes the "BLANK" made of a right and left scapula and clavicles | Pectoral girdle |
| Upper limbs consist of the "BLANK" and, more distally, a pair of bones called the"BLANK" and "BLANK" that articulate with the carpals of the wrist | Humerus, radius and ulna |
| The "BLANK" of the palm articulate with the of the"BLANK" fingers. | Metacarpals, Phalanges |
| The lower region of the appendicular skeleton includes the left and right hip bones of the "BLANK" | Pelvic girdle. |
| Lower limbs consist of the "BLANK" and, more distally, a pair of bones called the"BLANK" that articulate with the tarsals of the foot. | Femur, tibia and fibula |
| Between the "BLANK" and the "BLANK" of the toes are the metatarsals. | Tarsals, phalanges |
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