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Vascular sonography

Carotid part 1- Cerebrovascular Anatomy

QuestionAnswer
Arteries carry blood away from or toward the heart? Away from
What are the three layers of the artery wall? Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Adventitia
Tunica Intima facts? Innermost layer, Consists of endothelial cell lining with connective tissue beneath
Tunica Media facts? Middle layer, Thickest component, Composed mainly of smooth muscle, and Varying amounts of elastic fibers and collagen
Tunica Adventitia facts? Outermost Layer, Composed of connective tissue, nerve fibers, and small vessel capillaries, In contact with surrounding tissue, and Contain Vasa Vasorum
What are the branches off of the aortic arch? Brachiocephalic, Left common carotid, and Left subclavian
Where does the Left Common Carotid Artery arise from? Directly from the Aorta
Where does the Right Common Carotid Artery originate from? Originates from the brachiocephalic artery
Where do the Common Carotid Arteries ascend? Ascend the neck laterally
Where do the Common Carotid Arteries Bifurcate? Bifurcate at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage into internal and external carotid arteries
Where does the Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA) originate from? ICAs originates from the CCA
Where is the ICA in position to the external carotid artery (ECA)? Posterior/lateral to ECA (tip toward the back of the head)
Does the ICA has extracranial branches? No
The ICA gives rise to what? To the Ophthalmic artery in the skull
What is the carotid siphon? Distal curve of the ICA
Where do the ICA provide blood to? To the anterior brain, eyes and nose
What kind of waveform does the ICA have? Low resistance waveform
Where does the External Carotid Artery (ECA) originate? Originates from the CCA
Where is the ECA in position to the ICA? Anterior/Medial to ICA (tip toward face when scanning)
Does the ECA have extracranial branches? Yes several
Does the ECA normally supply blood to the brain? No, usuallt supplies to the face
What type of waveform does the ECA have? High/Moderate resistance
What are the 8 branches of the ECA? Superior thyroid, Ascending pharyngeal, Lingual, Facial, Occipital, Posterior Auricular, Maxillary, Superficial temporal
How many Vertebral arteries are there? 2
Where do the Vertebral arteries originate from? The subclavian artery
Where do the Vertebral arteries ascend? Ascend the neck through the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae
Where do the Vertebral arteries enter the skull? Through the Foramen Magnum
Do the Vertebral arteries join intracranially to form a singular basilar artery? Yes
What do the Vertebral arteries provide blood to? Provides blood to the posterior brain
Branches of the ICA and Vertebral arteries form the what? Circle of Willis
The ICA terminates into 4 branches, what are they? Anterior Cerebral, Middle Cerebral, Posterior communicating, Anterior Choroidal
The Anterior cerebral arteries are connected through what? Connected through anterior communicating artery
Posterior Cerebral arteries (branches of the basilar artery) are connected through the what? Connected to the anterior circulation through the posterior communicating arteries
What is the Circle of Willis? An important collateral pathway for circulation in the brain
The Supraorbital artery connects what? Connects Ophthalmic artery (ICA) to Superficial temporal artery (ECA)
The Frontal artery connects what? Connects Ophthalmic artery (ICA) to various ECA branches
The Nasal artery connects what? Connects frontal to facial artery (ECA)
What are some collateral pathways? Circle of Willis, Periorbital circulation, ECA branches crossing midline to meet, ECA- Vertebral connections through branches
Created by: EmilyGriffin
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