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DNA and RNA
Protein Synthesis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Transcription | RNA is made from DNA |
| Helicase | Enzyme that uncoils DNA |
| Monomer | A single unit |
| Gene | Portion of DNA that codes for a certain trait. |
| Point Mutation | Mutation that occurs usually by substituting one nucleotide for another. |
| Polymer | Large compounds formed from combinations of smaller compounds. |
| Anticodon | Three nucleotide sequence on tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA sequence |
| Nucleotide | Monomer of nucleic acids. |
| DNA Polymerase | Enzyme that builds the new strands of DNA. |
| Translation | Proteins are made from the message on the RNA. |
| Messenger RNA | Brings information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
| Chromatin | Uncondensed chromosomal material. |
| Chromosomal Mutation | Mutations that produce a change in a whole chromosome. |
| Ribose | Sugar that is found in RNA. |
| transfer RNA | Brings amino acids to the ribosome. |
| Codon | Three nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid. |
| Mutation | Changes to DNA. |
| Gene Mutation | Mutations that produce a change in a single gene. |
| Replication | Process by which DNA makes a copy of itself. |
| Nondisjunction | The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis. |
| Ribosomal RNA | RNA that makes up the ribosome. |
| Deoxyribose | Sugar that is found in DNA. |
| Frameshift Mutation | Mutation that shifts the reading frame by inserting or deleting a nucleotide. |