Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
echocardiography 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two main systems | left and right |
| The left coronary artery (LCA) branches into: | • Left Anterior Descending (LAD) -feeds anterior wall of LV, IVS, apex of heart • Left Circumflex (LCx) -feeds lateral and posterior portion of LV |
| Right system | Right Coronary Artery (RCA) -feeds inferior wall of RV |
| The largest vessels in the body are | Arteries and Veins |
| The exchange of blood occurs at | Capillary level |
| • The spinal cord is posterior to the heart? | True |
| Arteries have small valves inside them to assist in the movement of flow back to the heart? | False |
| Sinoatrial (SA) Node | - located at the right atrial wall; inferior to opening of SVC, - Has the highest degree of “automaticity” - Native “pacemaker” of the heart |
| Internodal Pathways | -Three: Anterior, Middle, Posterior - Feeds RA - Bachmann’s Bundle – Feeds LA |
| AV Node and Bundle of His | - Connections of atria to ventricles; - impulse slows for about .05 seconds to allow for ventricular filling |
| Bundle Branches | - Right and Left bundle branches; Right feeds RV, Left feeds LV |
| Purkinje fibers | - Penetrates into the ventricular muscle, - rapidly conducts action potential to ventricles |
| Normal Intracardiac Pressures | RA – mean of 5 mmHg RV – 25/5 mmHg PA – 25/10 mmHg LA – mean of 10 mmHg LV – 120/10 mmHg AO – 120/80 mmHg |
| P wave | represents atrial depolarization (discharge), followed immediately by atrial systole (contraction) |
| QRS Complex | represents ventricular depolarization (discharge), followed immediately by ventricular systole (contraction) |
| T wave | represents ventricular repolarization (recharge) |
| Isoelectric line | represents no conduction or contraction |
| R to R interval | represents 1 complete cardiac cycle |
| 1 cardiac cycle includes two phase… | Systole and diastole |
| R – R represents | 1 complete cardiac cycle |
| Ventricular contraction | Ventricular Systole |
| Ventricular Systole ECG timing: | Closure of the AV valves to closure of the SV valves Defined from the R wave to the end of the T wave |
| Ventricular Systole Includes 3 phases | Isovolumic contraction phase (time) Rapid ejection Reduced ejection |
| Isovolumic Contraction Period/Time (IVCT) | Period begins at atrioventricular (AV) valve closure (enddiastole) and continues until semilunar (SL) valve opening |
| Iso volumic | equal volume |
| Isovolumic Contraction Period/Time | Heart volume is at its largest No volume change because all valves are closed during this period Duration: Valves are closed for a split second Pressure rises rapidly in preparation for SL valve opening |
| Rapid Ventricular Ejection | Occupies the approx. first half of systole SL Valves open Rapid ejection of blood Ventricular volume rapid decreases |
| Reduced Ventricular Ejection | Ventricular pressure begins to decline Repolarization (recharging) occurs (on the T wave) |
| Ventricular Diastole | Ventricular filling Closure of the SL valves to closure of the AV valves. |
| Ventricular Diastole ECG rhythm timing: | Defined from the end of the T wave to the R wave |
| Ventricular Diastole Includes 4 phases | Isovolumic relaxation phase (time) Early rapid filling Diastasis Late filling |
| Isovolumic Relaxation Time/Period (IVRT) | Period begins at semilunar (SL) valve closure (endsystole) and continues until atrioventricular (AV) valve opening |
| Isovolumic Relaxation Time/Period IVRT | Heart volume is at its smallest No volume change because all valves are closed during this period Duration: Valves are closed for a split second Pressure decreases rapidly in preparation for AV valve opening |
| Stroke Volume (SV) | Volume of blood pumped out of the ventricles during systole (per heart beat |
| SV timing | SL valve opening-toclosure ( upstroke of S wave to end of T wave) |
| SV measurements | Measured in milliliters (mL’s) or cubic centimeters (cc’s |
| SV normal range | 70 – 100 mL/ heart beat |
| Frank-Starling Law | The greater the volume of blood in the heart during diastole (filling), the more forceful the contraction, the more blood the ventricle will pump |
| Frank-Starling Law normal volume/pres relationship | Stroke volume ~ 75 mL/beat (changes with heart rate) LVEDP ~ 8 mmHg |
| Frank-Starling Law | Increase venous return = increased LVEDP = increased preload = increased SV and vise versa |
| SV Calculations | End diastolic volume (EDV) – End systolic volume (ESV) |
| Four Determinants of Left Ventricular Function | Heart Rate Preload Afterload Contractility |
| Heart Rate | (chronotropic) |
| Heart Rate expressed as | beats per minute (BPM) |
Created by:
eduarda146
Popular Sonography sets