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Biology Chapter 4
Study Activities on Immunity MCB2010
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _____ promote movement of phagocytes through the capillary walls and also enhance histamine and kinins. | Prostaglandins |
| Name all 5 types of mechanical immune system factors. | Skin, mucous membranes, tears, saliva and cilia |
| C5 through C9 reactions of the complement system form the _____. | MAC |
| The _____ membranes cover the GI, respiratory and genitourinary tracts. | Mucous |
| Name the 2 types of granulocytes which are phagocytic. | Neutrophils, Macrophages |
| The enzyme contained in perspiration is _____. | Lysozyme |
| When phagocytes move between the endothelial tissues to enter the damaged tissues it is called ______. | emigration |
| _____ is the attachment of the phagocyte's plasma membrane to the surface of the foreign particle or bacterium. | Adherence |
| These granulocytes are known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | Neutrophils |
| _____ is the chemical attraction of phagocytes to the area they are needed. | Chemotaxis |
| _____ is released by phagocytes which then cause the hypothalamus to produce prostaglandins, to cause fever in the host. | IL-1 |
| The MAC formed during complement fixation causes _____. | Cytolysis |
| The _____ is the inner portion of the skin composed of thick connective tissue. | Dermis |
| The process whereby the foreign object is coated with plasma proteins to enhance attachment of the phagocyte is known as _____. | Opsonization |
| The ____ is the thin layer of epithelial cells of the skin,. | Epidermis |
| Increased blood vessel _____ during inflammation allows increased fluid flow into damaged tissue. | permeability |
| The proper term for white blood cells is _____. | Leukocytes |
| _____ is the waterproof protein covering the outermost layer of skin. | Keratin |
| What two types of antibodies begin the complement activation by binding to C1? | IgG, IgM |
| _____ is released from damaged tissues and increases both blood vessel permeability and vasodilation. | Histamine |
| These granulocytes produce toxic proteins for use against parasites. | Eosinophils |
| The proper term for platelets is _____. | Thrombocytes |
| Name the 3 main categories of leukocytes. | Granulocytes, Monocytes, Lymphocytes |
| The name of the plasma proteins of the complement system which act as opsonins. | C3b |
| _____ is an increase in blood vessel diameter during the inflammatory response. | Vasodilation |
| Monocytes mature into ______ after they migrate into the damaged area. | Machrophages |
| These granulocytes release histamine which plays a role in the inflammatory and allergic responses. | Basophils |
| _____ are chemotaxic to phagocytes at the injury site. | Kinins |
| _____ are formed when the phagocyte forms pseudopods which surround the foreign particle. | Phagosomes |
| Both ____ and _____ acids are secreted by the skin and keep it at a low pH. | Fatty and Lactic |
| The proper term for red blood cells is _____. | Erythrocytes |
| When a phagosome (phagocytic vesicle) fuses with a lysosome they form a ________. | Phagolysosome |
| ______ occurs when phagocytes adhere to the blood vessel lining. | Margination |
| The MAC formed from complement fixation stands for? | Membrane Attack Complex |
| The ______ ______ produces tears which are part of the mechanical factors of the immune system. | Lacrimal apparatus |
| What 2 complement proteins cause inflammation by binding to mast cells and basophils and causing them to release histamine? | C3a,C5a |
| These _____ proteins cause a series of cascade reactions to target foreign cells for lysis. | Complement |
| What is secreted by the sebaceous glands and forms a protective film over the skin? | Sebum |
| _____ are iron-binding proteins in the blood. | Transferrins |
| A healthy stomach should be _____ due to HCl and degradative enzymes contained therein. | Sterile |
| _____ protect uninfected cells against viral invasion after interferons interact with their surface receptors. | AVP (anti-viral proteins) |
| Interferons are _____ cell specific, not specific for the virus. | Host |
| _____ increase blood vessel permeability and help to attach phagocytes to microbes. | Leukotrienes |
| Eosinophils, Neutrophils and Basophils are all types of _______. | Granulocytes |
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mikec35-pbsc
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