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Biology Chapter 2
Study Activities for Metabolism MCB2010
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The type of enzymatic control whereby the reaction is controlled by the binding of a molecule to a secondary binding site. (other than that of the active site) | Allosteric Control |
| Which fermentation has a decarboxylation step? | Alcohol Fermentation |
| How many ATP's formed in the ETC alone? | 34 |
| How many carbons in acetyl? | 2C |
| What type of anaerobes can manage with or without oxygen? | Facultative Anaerobes |
| What happens to the carbons in pyruvate by the end of the Kreb's cycle? | They are all given off as carbon dioxide. |
| Enzymes released outside the cell to function. | Exoenzyme |
| Reactant gas of respiration is: | Oxygen |
| The NET number of ATP produced in glycolysis. | 2 ATP |
| The end products of glycolysis are _______. | Two molecules of pyruvate. |
| The name of the substrate when it is at the top of the energy hill and it is said to be "activated". | Transition State |
| What is decarboxylation? | The loss of a carbon as carbon dioxide. |
| Metabolic reactions whereby the products have less energy than the reactants. | Exergonic |
| What are the 3 parts of aerobic respiration? | Glycolysis, the Kreb's Cycle, and the ETC Note: Including Glycolysis in this. |
| What step turns pyruvate into acetyl? | A decarboxylation step. |
| Enzymes whose production is increased by the addition of substrate. | Induced |
| The energy currency of the cell is: | ATP |
| What molecules are recycled in the Kreb's cycle? | Oxaloacetate and Coenzyme A |
| What type of anaerobes cannot tolerate oxygen? | Strict Anaerobes |
| The gain of electrons is called _______. | Reduction |
| The uneven distribution of ______ drives the formation of ATP in the ETC. | H+ (Hydrogen ions) |
| In a reversible reaction, if there is more product, which way will the reaction proceed? | Toward the production of Reactant. |
| How many ATP's are produced in both fermentation pathways? | 2 ATP only |
| The loss of electrons is known as _______. | Oxidation |
| How many ATP's are obtained per NADH in the ETC? | 3 |
| The type of allosteric control whereby product feeds back allosterically to turn off the enzyme. | Feedback Inhibition |
| The addition of a phosphate to any molecule or substrate. | Phosphorylation |
| Glycolysis is the splitting of _______. | Sugar |
| What is the name of the model which specifies that the enzyme's active site changes to fit the shape of the substrate? | Induced Fit Model of Enzymes & Substrates |
| The 2C acetyl + oxaloacetate makes ______. | Citrate |
| What is the name of the region of an enzyme which binds the substrate? | Active Site |
| What does phosphorylation mean? | The process of adding a phosphate to something. |
| The shorthand term for when reduction and oxidation reactions are coupled. | Redox Reactions |
| The term for the complete enzyme which has the cofactor or coenzyme attached. | Holoenzyme |
| What are the building blocks of enzymes? | Amino Acids |
| Is oxygen reduced or oxidized at the end of the ETC? | Reduced (to form water with H+) |
| Metallic ions which act to complete the enzyme structure. | Cofactors |
| Which has LESS potential energy, ADP or ATP? | ADP |
| What two gradients exist in the ETC? | Charge and H+ concentration gradients |
| Enzymes which are in demand by the cell and therefore made in constant amounts. | Constitutive |
| Enzymes which remain inside the cell to function. | Endoenzymes |
| What type of phosphorylation occurs in glycolysis? | Substrate Level Phosphorylation |
| The GROSS number of ATP produced in glycolysis. | 4 ATP |
| Which type of fermentation is used by muscle cells occasionally? | Lactic Acid (Lactate) Fermentation |
| Metabolic reactions whereby the products have more energy than the reactants. | Endergonic |
| The total number of ATP produced in aerobic respiration per glucose. | 38 ATP |
| NADH unloads _____ and _____ at the ETC. | H+ and electrons |
| What is common to aerobic respiration and both fermentation types? | Glycolysis is the first step. |
| Organic molecules such as vitamins which act to complete the enzyme structure. | Coenzyme |
| What does ATP stand for? | Adenosine Tri Phosphate |
| The term for changing the shape of a protein either by high heat or a change in pH. | Denaturation |
| What energy molecule is ONLY produced in the Kreb's Cycle? | FADH2 |
| The portion of the enzyme that is inactive (without the cofactor). | Apoenzyme |
| Enzymes speed up the rate of reactions by lowering the _______. | The Energy of Activation |
| How many carbons in citrate? | 6C |
| The type of enzymatic control whereby a molecule similar to the substrate blocks the active site by binding to it. | Inhibition |
| Product gas of respiration is: | Carbon Dioxide |
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mikec35-pbsc
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