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Botany

vascular plants

QuestionAnswer
sporaphyte is dominant phase of life cycle divided into two groups: seed and seedless plants VASCULAR PLANTS
spore-producing plants that include ferns and fern allies seedless plants
common during the DEVONIAN period of the Paleozoic ERA, begins more than 400 million years ago 3 phyla of extint seedless plants:Phylum Ryniophyta, Zosterophyllophyta, Trimerophyllophyta
includes 1st plants w/a dominant sporaphyte phase, with rhizomes that give rise to erect branches w/ solitary terminal sporangia Phylum Ryniophyta
ex. Rhynia rhizome and erect branches w/protestele Phylum Ryniophyta
with lateral sporangia (on short branches on sides of erect stems) ex. Zosterophyllum Phylum Zosterophyllophyta
clusters of terminal sporangia, w/enations scale-like, photosynthetic extensions on erect branches ex.Psilophyton Phylum Trimerophyllophyta
phylum Psilotophyta, phylum Lycophyta, phylum Equisetophyta (spenophyta),phylum Polypodiophyta 4 phyla of extant seedless vascular plants
extensions of epidermic tissue enations
ex. Psilotum, resembles 1st vascular plants, w/green stems w/ dichotomous branches, erect branches, w/sporangia fused into 3 groups Phylum Psilotophyta
tropical, subtropical, erect branches w/chlorplasts in epidermis,rhizome w/no roots, w/rhizoids, w/mycorrhizal fungi Phylum Psilotophyta
w/ 1 unbranched vein (vascular bundle) microphyll
w/ branched veins (majority of leaves) megaphyll
webbing which is an expansion of thin photsynthetic tissue from green branches leaves evolved via
ex. Lycopodium microphylls, few extant genera, rhizome on top of soil surface, aerial branches, evolved from zosterophyllophyta, w/sporophylls, advanced sp. contain strobili Phylum Lycophyta
leaf that bears a sporangia,contain spores sporophylls
cluster of sporangia bearing structures (ex. sporophylls) strobili
oldest fossils from Devonian period, most common in Carbonferous period (350-300 million yrs ago),w/Lepidodendron,Selaginella Phylum Lycophyta (microphyllophyta)
extinct Lycopodium-like tree, with large microphylls,turnk with diamond shaped leaf scars, w/strobili Lepidodendron
ex. resurrection plant, strobili w/2 types of sporophylls: microsporophylls (male) and megasporophylls (female) Selaginella
appendage that secretes mucus on upper surface near leaf base (help prevent or slow drying), found in microphylls Ligule
genus Isoetes (quillworts) Phylum Lycophyta
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