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G-Dawg's AP Terms
G-Dawg's AP Language Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| tone | the author's attitude towards his/her material and/or his/her audience |
| style | the distinctive way an author writes |
| literary allusions | indirect references to works,events, or figures the author assumes the reader is familiar with |
| allegory | a story or characterization through which the author presents an abstract or symbolic concept |
| hyperbole | a deliberate exaggeration |
| onomatopoeia | words that sound like what they are |
| antecedent | the noun to which the pronoun refers |
| preposition | word that shows the relationship of one noun to another-in a little phrase |
| syntax | sentence structure |
| parallelism | repetition of similar syntactical forms-used to emphasize an idea |
| antithesis | the contrast of opposites within parallel clauses |
| paradox | a reconciliation of opposites within parallel clauses |
| oxymoron | a two-word expression of seeming contradiction |
| assertion | opinions stated as facts |
| assumption | a supposed fact that is never proved |
| qualification | to modify, restrict, or limit |
| unqualified assertion | an opinion stated as truth with no limitations or modifications |
| issue | a debatable question that gives rise to different positions or stances |
| rebuttal | an opposing argument |
| digression | a departure from the main topic |
| refute | to prove a person to be wrong |
| generalizations | an assertion about a group or class |
| hypothesis | an unproved theory, proposition, or supposition |
| circumlocution | to talk in circles, a round-about way of saying something |
| recapitulate | to repeat briefly; to summarize |
| objective | without personal bias or prejudice |
| subjective | opposite of objective! |
| exposition | writing that explains |
| speculate | to conject(ure), put together, guess, or infer |
| syllogism | an arguement or form of reasoning composed of reasoning from a general statement to a particular statement to a conclusion |
| inference | a conclusion drawn from evidence |
| appeals to authority | using the endorsement of an "authority" to make an argument seem convincing |
| anecdote | the retelling of an incident that may illustrate or prove a point. |
| rhetorical purpose/rhetorical stance | why the speaker is attempting to persuade or influence the audience |
| dilemma | an arguement necessitating a choice between two equally unfavorable or disagreeable alternatives |
| invective | an emotionally violent attack using strong and abusive language |
| satire | the ridicule of human vice or faults, or social institutions or customs, for the purpose of reform |
| narrative style | the distinctive way an author plans his/her narrative |
| juxtaposition | place side by side usually referring to contrasting or disparate items |
| non-sequitur | a statement that does not follow logically from what preceded it. |
| inductive reasoning | a form of reasoning which works from specific to the general |
| damning with faint praise | intentional use of a positive statement that has a negative implication |
| deductive reasoning | a form of reasoning that works from the general to the specific |
| simple sentence | one independent clause |
| compound sentence | two or more independent clauses |
| complex sentence | one independent clause and one dependent clause |
| compound-complex sentence | two or more independent clauses with one or more dependent clause |
| independent clause | a suject and a verb whose idea is complete and can stand alone |
| dependent clause | a subject and a verb whose idea is not complete and must have an independent clause to have it make sense. |
| alliteration | repetition of initial sounds in two or more neighboring words--the repetition reinforces meaning |
| colloquial/colloquialism | the use of slang or informalities usually not accepted in formal speech or writing |
| conceit | afanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor--displays intellectual cleverness due to the unusual comparison being made |
| apostrophe | direct address to an absent or imaginary person or abstraction, like love or liberty. |
| independent clause | clause with a noun and a verb that can stand on its own |
| dependent clause | clause with a noun and a verb that cannot stand on its own |
| periodic sentence | sentence whose main clause is at the end, near the period. |
| loose sentence | sentence that starts with the main clause and ends with many small phrases |
| subordinate clause | aka subjunctive or dependent clause: cannot stand alone |
| theme | the central meesage or idea of the work |
| metonomy | meaning"changed label"(Greek) using the name of one bject is substituted for another closely related to it (the White House) |
| parody | a work that closely imitates another to ridicule or create a comic effect. |
| four rhetorical modes | exposition, persuasion or argumentation,description,and narration |
| sarcasm | Bitter, caustic language (to tear flesh)used to ridicule, or belittle |
| subject complement | the word or phrase that follows a linking verband complements or completes the subject of the sentence |
Created by:
dedegarrison
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