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2.3-2.5
Term | Definition |
---|---|
monomer | molecular subunit of a polymer |
polymer | large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers |
carbohydrate | molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; including sugars and starches |
lipid | nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; including fats and oils |
fatty acid | hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid |
protein | polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids |
amino acid | molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
nucleic acid | polymer of nucleotides; the generic material of organisms |
chemical reaction | process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds |
reactant | substance that is changed by a chemical reaction |
product | substance formed by a chemical reaction. |
bond energy | amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms |
equilibrium | condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at the same rate |
activation energy | energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reacation |
exothermic | chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat |
endothermic | chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy |
catalyst | substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction |
enzyme | protein that carries catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms |
substrate | reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts |