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DNH 130 Test 2
Chapters 20,21,22,29,32,34
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Types of restorations | metallic non metallic |
| What type of restoration can sometimes mimic decay | composite |
| define incipient decay | caries confined to enamel |
| define moderate day | caries extends to DEJ but does not cross DEJ junction |
| define advanced decay | caries extends through DEJ involving enamel and dentin |
| define severe decay | caries extend though DEJ about halfway to pulp |
| how do occlusal caries start | pin point lesion, fanning out to become broad based as it approaches DEJ, goes back to point as approaches pulp |
| define cervical burnout | area of radiolucency at the CEJ due to a decrease in density of the tooth |
| The interpretation of periodontal disease recommends higher/lower kVp | higher |
| Lamina dura | bone surrounding roots of the teeth (radiopaque) |
| alveolar crest | most coronal portion of alveolar bone, found between teeth. dense (radiopaque) |
| periodontal ligament space | thin radiolucent line between the tooth and lamina dura (radiolucent) |
| What are the patterns of bone loss? | horizontal or vertical |
| What are the types of distribution of bone loss | localized for generalized |
| What are the severity classification of bone loss | slight moderate severe |
| Bone loss is not pathologic until greater the approximately? | 2mm |
| How many mm is slight bone loss? | 1-2mm |
| how many mm is moderate bone loss? | 3-4mm |
| how many mm is severe bone loss? | 5mm + |
| ADA Classification | is based on the severity of periodontal condition, bone loss, bleeding, and probing depths |
| ADA case type I | gingivitis no bone loss alveolar crest is 1-2 mm apical to CEJ |
| ADA case type II | mild periodontitis alveoloar bone level 3-4 mm below CEJ bleeding may occur on probing |
| ADA case III | moderate bone loss bone level 4-6 mm below CEJ possible furcation involvement |
| ADA case type IV | advanced or severe bone loss 6mm or greater bone level below CEJ possible furcation and mobility |
| predisposing factors for boneloss | calculus defective restos |
| What does overexposed film/receptor look like? | film is dark, due to increased settings |
| correction for overexposed film? | check exposure factors, kVp, et, mA |
| what is the correct placement for PA | receptor covers entire tooth including apex and extends 1/8th of an inch incisally and 2-3mm past the apex |
| what is a dropped film corner | teeth appear to be dipping downward, receptor slipped and is not parallel to incisal or occlusal surfaces |
| what causes overlapping | incorrect horizontal angulation |
| what causes elongation, foreshortening | incorrect vertical angulation |
| Where should the film be placed on a premolar bitewing | line up front edge of film in the middle of the canine |
| where should the film be placed on the molar bitewing | front edge of film over midline of 2nd premolar |
| what is phalngioma | outline of finger bone |
| what causes herringbone pattern on film | reversed film |
| purpose of occlusal films | locate retained roots supernumeray teeth foreign bodies salivary stones fractures cleft palate changes in max or mand size cysts and tumors exam when pt can not open wide |
| what size receptor is used for occlusal shot | 4 |
| vertical angulation for topographic | +65 |
| pediatric and lateral projection | +60 |
| for mandibular occlusal survey- the vertical angulation for topograpahic projection | -55 |
| Cross sectional | +90 |
| what is localization techniques | method to obtain information on the location of an object in the jaws, uses two radiographs at different angulations, establishes buccal/lingual positon |
| procedure of technique | first film is taken at proper angulation, second film is taken changing the horizontal or vertical angulation |
| what is the SLOB rule | Same Lingual, Opposite Buccal |
| If the image of the object moves mesially when the tubehead is moved mesially (same direction) then the object is located on the ________ | lingual |
| If the image of the object moves distally when the tubehead moves mesially (opposite direction) then the object is located on the _______ | buccal |
| air space seen on panos | palatoglossal air, nasopharyngeal air, glossopharyngeal air |
| mandibular landmarks on pano | condyle coronoid notch cornoid process mandibular foramen lingual mandibular canal mental foramen hyoid bone mental ridge lingual foramen genial tubericles inferior border of mandible mylohyoid ridge internal and external oblique ridge |
| soft tissue images | tongue, soft palate, uvula, lipline, ear |
| maxillary landmarks on pano | mastoid, styloid process, external audiotory meatus, glenoid fossa, articular eminence, lateral pterygoid plate, pterygomaxillary fissure, max tuberosity, nasal cavity, nasal conchae, nasal septum, hard palate, max sinus, floor of max sinus, zygo etc |
| tomography | sectioning certain parts of the body for optimum viewing quality (eg. maxilla and mandible) while blurring other images in other planes of the film. |
| Rotation | The film and x-ray tubehead move around the patient in opposite directions in panoramic radiography |
| what is the rotation center | point or axis which the cassette carrier and tubehead rotate |
| The focal trough is | 3d curved zone or spot where the dental arches must be positioned to achieve the clearest image |
| jaws postioned outside the focal trough will create images that are.....? | blurred or distorted |
| real image | structures that lie between the receptor and the moving rotation center and appear in the correct anatomic position |
| double image | structure is BEHIND the moving rotation center, and is penetrated by the beam twice double image on opposite sides (cervical spine) |
| ghost image | lies outside focal spot and close to beam, appears blurred, magnificed and higher than the original object (earrings glasses) |
| equipment for pano | unit screen film intesifying screens cassette |
| what does the collimator look like for pano | thin narrow rectangle |
| The beam is directed slightly | upward |
| tubehead rotates | behind patient |
| film rotates | in front of patient |
| frankfort plane | line that passes from the top of the ear canal to outer canthus of eye |
| What happened when the apices of the max anterior teeth are obscured? | the tongue was not placed on the roof of the mouth , radiolucent shadow is superimposed |
| Reverse smile cause... hard palate and floor of nasal cavity are superimposed over roots of max teeth loss of detail in max incisal area max incisors blurred and magnified | patients chin (frankfort plane) tipped upward |
| Exaggerated smile line -madibular incisors appear blured loss of detal in mand. incisor area missing condyles | patients chin is tipped downward |
| when teeth are placed too far anterior on bite block | anterior teeth appear skinny and out of focus , overlapping premolars |
| when teeth are too far posterior | teeth appear fat and out of focus |
| when patients head is not center | one side of film appearing magnified |
| when patient is not sitting or standing up straight | cervical spine appears as radiopacity in center of film |
| disadvantages of pano | image quality focal trough limitations distortion cost |
| advantages of pano | field size simplicity cooperation minimal radiation exposure |
| visual characteristics of radiograph | density contrast |
| density | overall blackness of dental radiograph |
| exposure factors that influence density | mA kVp ET subject thickness |
| increase density | radiogrpah appears darker |
| decrease density | radiograph appears lighter |
| contrast | diff in light and darkness of images on the radiograph |
| high contrast | distinct difference between light and dark- detection of caries |
| low contrast | many shades of gray- detection of periodontal disease |
| factors that influence contrast | kVp, film, subject |
| What ist he only exposure factor that affects contrast | kVp |
| what does kVp control | the energy of penetrating abilyt of the xrays |
| step wege | monitors film quality and control tests for film density and contrast |
| short scale contrast | shows only two densities.. black and white, low kVp, higher contrast |
| long scale contrast | many shades of gray higher kvp, low contrast |
| geometric chracteristics | sharpness magnification distortion |
| factors that influence sharpness | -focal spot size, the smaller the focal spot, the sharper the image -film composition, smaller crystals produce sharper outlines - movement of patient |
| magnification influencing factors | target to receptor distance object to receptor distance |
| factors that influence distortion | object receptor alignment xray beam angulation |
Created by:
kbowman12
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