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biology test review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell theory | all living things are made of one or more cells, two cells are the base units of structure are function in organisms, and all cells arise from other cells |
| cell membrane | encloses the cell and separates the cell interior |
| cytoplasm | the cell interior |
| cytoskeleton | a structure of microscopic fibers |
| ribosomes | the cellular structure on which proteins are made |
| prokaryote | a single celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other internal compartments |
| eukaryote | an organism whose cells have a nucleus |
| cell wall | provides structure and support |
| flagella | long threadlike structures that protrude from the cell's surface and enable movement |
| nucleus | an internal compartment that houses the cell's DNA |
| organelle | a structure that carries specific activities in the cell |
| cilia | these protrude from the surface of some eukaryotic cells. These either propel some cells around their environment or move things across the surface of a cell |
| phospholipid | a lipid made of phosphate in a group of fatty acids |
| lipid bilayer | phospholipids arranged in a double layer |
| endoplasmic reticulum | an extensive system of internal membranes that move proteins and other substances |
| vesticle | a small membrane bound sack that transports substances in cells |
| golgi apparatus | a set of flattened membrane bound sacks that serves as a packaging and distribution center |
| lysosomes | small spherical organelles that contain the cell's digestive enzyme |
| mitochondria | an organelle that harvests energy from organic compounds to make ATP |
| chloroplasts | organelles that use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water |
| central vacuole | stores water and may contain many substances including ions, nutrients, and wastes |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from a high density to a low density in and around the cell |
| osmosis | the movement of water molecules or other solvents from high density to low density in and around the cell |
| molecular movements | hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic |
| isotonic | the density of solute and solvent is the same on the inside and outside of the cell |
| hypotonic | the density on one side of the cell membrane is less dense |
| hypertonic | the density on one side of the cell membrane is more dense |
Created by:
Gen.wey
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