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Tempkin Ch 22
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gestational Age (GA) | synonymous with menstrual age; used to date the age of a pregnancy |
| Ovulation | release of the ovum (egg cell) into the genital tract from a mature ovarian follicle |
| Corpus Luteum | what is left of the ovarian follicle following ovulation. Produces progesterone and a small amount of estrogen to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. May become enlarged and fluid filled during pregnancy and thereafter, gradually diminishing |
| Progesterone | hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps prepare the uterus for pregnacy |
| Estrogen | hormone produced by the ovarian corpus lutem to help prepare the uterus for pregnancy. Regularly produced by the ovaries as a "feminizing" hormone. |
| Zygote | product of fertilization when the egg and sperm fuse together |
| Placenta | temporary maternal-fetal organ that provides nutrition, waste removal, gas exchange, and immune and endocrine support required for the developing embryo/fetus. it is delivered with the fetus at birth. |
| Yolk Sac | nutrient-filled sac formed by and adjacent to the outer layer of the early developing embryo |
| Decidua | term applied to to the gravid endometrium. functional reaction of the endometrial lining to pregnancy. the endometrium becomes thick and edematous from vascular and structural changes to accommodate embryo implantation and development |
| Gravid | pregnant |
| Amnion | innermost membrane of the developing embryo; eventually fuses with the chorion |
| Chorion | outermost tissues of the developing embryo. eventually fuses with the amnion |
| Double Bleb Sign | description of the distinctive sonographic appearance of the embryonic disk situated between the newly developed amniotic cavity and secondary yolk sac within the chorionic cavity 4 to 5 weeks gestational age |
| Umbilical Cord | connection between the embryo/fetus and placenta. consists of two arteries and one vein through which embryonic/ fetal blood passes to and from the placenta. |
| Decidua Basalis | is the portion of thick decidua at the implantation site, which makes it the maternal portion and deepest layer of the placenta |
| Decidua Capsularis | is a thin portion of endometrium that overlies the section of gestational sac facing the uterine cavity. |
| Decidua Parietalis | is the remaining endometrium, which is unoccupied by the implanted ovum |
| Chorionic Villi | fetal portions of the placenta that are finger like projections of the outer cell layer of the blastocyte that extend into the deciduate endometrium. facilitates the transfer of oxygen and metabolites and the transfer of carbon dioxide and waste products |
| Lacunae | small pools of maternal blood that surround the chorionic villi in the placenta |
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) | hormone secreted by the developing placenta to communicate to the rest of the body that a gestation is present in the uterus |
| Amniotic cavity/sac | enclosure containing the developing embryo and fetus; filled with amniotic fluid to cushion and protect the embryo/fetus |
| Chorionic Cavity | part of early development that surrounds the amniotic cavity and contains the yolk sac. eventually obliterated by the amniotic cavity that increases in size to accommodate the developing embryo |
| Amniotic Fluid | is the liquid enclosed by the amnion. As it surrounds and bathes the embryo/fetus, amniotic fluid has several important functions |
| Amniotic Fluid Volume (AFV) | the amount of fluid present in the amniotic cavity |
| Gestational Sac | the term used by sonologists to describe the fluid filled cavity of an intrauterine pregnancy during the 1st trimester. First fundamental sonographic finding in early pregnancy |
| Intradecidual Sign | description of the sonographic appearance of the normal location of a very early intrauterine pregnancy when the gestational sac is visualized right next to the centrally located endometrial cavity at the level of the fundus or body of the uterus |
| Double Sac Sign | sonographic identification of the decidua capsularis, decidua parietalis, and decidua basalis to differentiate a "pseudo sac" associated with ectopic pregnancies from a gestational sac |
| Pseudo Sac | associated with pregnancies outside the uterus (ectopic pregnancies) |
| Vitelline (omphalomesentric) duct | connection between the yolk sac and early developing embryo. It eventually becomes part of the umbilical cord. Also known as the "yolk sac" |
| Rhombencephalon | normal cystic hindbrain that is sonographically distinguishable in the developing embryo during the eighth week of gestation |
| Fetal Vernix | flakes of fetal skin that are sonographically distinguishable in amniotic fluid |
| Mean Sac Diameter (MSD) | age determining measurement of the mean diameter of the gestational sac during the early 1st trimester of pregnancy |
| Crown Rump Length | age determining measurement of the length of the embryo/fetus from the top of the head (crown) to the middle of the buttocks (rump) during the 1st trimester of pregnancy. commonly accepted as the most accurate assessment of GA age. |
| Nuchal Translucency (NT) Measurement | measurement of the fluid that normally collects at the back of the fetus' neck between 11.3 and 13.6 weeks of gestation to determine the fetal risk estimate for aneuploidy (abnormal number of chromosomes; example is down syndrome). An increase in the amou |
| Aneuploidy | Abnormal chromosome number |
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Sierd98765
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