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Midterm
SON 130
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Vaso Vasorum | supply blood vessels with nutrients and oxygen |
| tunica adventitia | outer layer of a vessel |
| tunica media | middle or muscular layer |
| tunica intima | inner layer of a vessel |
| veins | blood flows in veins, allows blood to return to heart, carry deoxygenated blood |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of arteries caused by age |
| atherosclerosis | build up of fat in inner lining of vessels |
| aorta | largest artery, lies left to the midline, 2.0-2.5 cm |
| branches of the aorta | celiac axis, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery |
| branches of celiac axis | left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery |
| common hepatic artery | travels into the liver, gives off the gastroduodenal artery, becomes the proper hepatic artery, divides into right, middle, left arteries |
| gastroduodenal artery | travels caudally, enters head of pancreas |
| splenic artery | travels the superior margin of the pancreas body and tail |
| left gastric artery | courses superior and to the left to supply a portion of the stomach |
| superior mesenteric artery | 2nd branch off aorta, travels down aorta, supplies blood to small intestines, head of pancreas, cecum, ascending colon, part of transverse colon |
| renal arteries | right & left, branch off laterally about the same distance as the sma |
| right renal artery | travels posterior to the IVC to the right kidney |
| left renal artery | travels directly to the left kidney |
| aneurysm | most common pathology of aorta |
| hypoechoic | less echoes, darker |
| hyperechoic | more echoes, brighter |
| isoechoic | equal, same |
| fusiform aneursym | most common, buldging on both walls of aorta |
| saccular aneursym | less common, buldging on one wall of the aorta |
| dissecting aneursym | blood forces its way between the layers, intimal flap may occur, very dangerous |
| valves | veins have valves, stop the blood from back flowing, smaller veins have more |
| IVC | largest vein, drains kidneys, ovaries, adrenal glands, lower limbs, and pelvis, varies with respiration |
| renal veins | right and left, dump blood from kidneys into the IVC |
| right renal vein | anterior to the right renal artery, courses directly from the right kidney |
| left renal vein | is anterior to the left renal artery, courses between the aorta and SMA |
| gonadal veins | right empties into the IVC, left empties into the left renal vein |
| hepatic veins | drain blood from the liver, divide the liver into sections, 3, left right and middle |
| right hepatic vein | divides the right lobe of the liver into anterior and posterior segments |
| left hepatic vein | divides the left lobe into medial and lateral segments |
| middle hepatic vein | divides the right and left lobes of the liver |
| portal vein function | provides 50-60% of blood to the liver, drains the GI tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen |
| portal vein formation | formed from the superior mesenteric vein, inferior mesenteric vein, and splenic vein |
| divisions of portal vein | after entering the liver the portal vein divides into, right portal branch(supplies the right lobe) and left portal branch(supplies the left lobe) |
| splenic vein | recieves blood from the IMV and spleen, travels the posterior border of the pancreas body and then joins the SMV to form the main portal vein |
| liver | largest organ in the body |
| lobes | right lobe (largest lobe), left lobe, caudate lobe(smallest lobe), quadrate lobe |
| liver blood supply | from the hapatic artery and portal vein |
| hepatopetal | flow into the liver |
| hepatofugal | flow away from liver |
| veins of liver | hepatic veins, portal veins |
| porta hepatis | posterior surface of the liver, portal vein and hepatic artery enter, and common bile duct exists |
| gillisons capsule | tight fibrous capsule covering the liver |
| bare area | only area of the liver not covered by peritoneum, located on the posterior surface of the right lobe |
| ligamentum venosum | separates the caudate lobe from the left lobe |
| main lobar fissure | runs between the gallbldder and the IVC |
| round ligament | terminal end of the falciform ligament |
| falciform ligament | anterior surface of the liver. one division of the right and left lobes |
| echo texture of liver | smooth and homogeneous |
| riedels lobe | extension of the right lobe of the liver. tongue like projection |
| ALARA | as low as resonably achieveable |
| depth of penetration | maximum distance the sound beam travels from the transducer through a medium |
| pleural effusion | a collection of fluid inside inside the lung |
| subcostal view | when the transducer is placed just inferiorly to the xyphoid process |
| area full of echoes on ultrasound, all dark | anechoic |
| vessels forming the portal vein | IMV, SMV, splenic vein |
| what organs do the sma supply blood to | small intestines, cecum, ascending colon, part of transverse colon, head of pancreas |
| A mode | eyes |
| B mode | brightness mode |
| M mode | motion mode |
| pizoelectric effect | one form of energy to another (electricity to sound) |
| Gray scale | george kosoff |
| sonar | langevin |
| fetus (1st ultrasound) | donald |
| pizoelectric effect | currie |
| near field | the portion of the sound beam that is closest to the transducer |
| ultrasound crystals | quartz, PZT, ceramics |
| penetration and frequency | higher frequency is less penetration, high frequency gives better resolution |
| resolution | imagining structures that are actually present in the body |
| sound waves | pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through a medium |
| acoustic impedance | resistance to sound wave propagation, the denser the material the more echogenic it is and appears as white on screen |
| propagation speed | determined by the medium |
| attenuation | weakening of the ultrasound beam by 1-absorption 2-reflection 3-scattering |
| echogenic | producing echoes |
| anechoic | neither possessing nor producing echoes; without internal echoes |
| cystic | a fluid filled sac/structure |
| solid | filled with echoes and no fluid |
| complex | the ultrasound appearance of being both solid and cyctic; heterogenous |
| doppler | ultrasound ultilizing the doppler effect to measure movement or flow in the body, especially blood flow |
| echogenicity | the way echoes are returned to the transducer |
| echopenic | the absence of echoes; very faint echoes |
| accoustic enhancement | appearance of increased echoes returning from regions lying beyond an object in which attenuation is lower than average attenuation in adjacent tissues |
| focal zone | the narrowest part of the sound beam in which resolution is the greatest |
| resolution | imaging structures that are actually present in the body |
| frequency | # of cycles per second |
| gain | the amount of amplification of returning echoes |
| gel | trans-sonic medium used to exclude air from between the transducer and the patients body |
| gray scale | series of shades from white to black that can be displayed |
| heterogeneous | composed of different echoes |
| homogeneous | composed of similar echoes |
| hypoechoic | less echoes present or less echogenic |
| hyperechoic | more echoes or more echogenic |
| isoechoic | areas having similar echogenicity, they are isoechoic to eachother |
| interface | strong echoes delineating the boundary of organs; caused by the difference between the acoustic impedance of two adjacent structures |
| piezoelectric | a property of certain crystals that causes them to produce voltage when mechanical pressure such as sound vibrations is applied to them |
| propagation | sound is transmitted or travels through a medium |
| shadowing | the loss of echoes from distal structures as a result of attenuation of overlying structures |
| sonogram | an image of a structure produced by ultrasound |
| transducer | a device that converts energy from one form to another |
| wavelength | the distance from the beginning of one cycle to the end of the same cycle |
Created by:
Sierd98765
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