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GIT Pathogens
Gastrointestinal Pathogens from UniMelb MIIM20002
| Pathogen | Symptoms | Source | Virulence | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staphylococcus aureus Intoxication bact. | D, V, nausea | Milk products, ham, cooked foods IP: 2-6h ID: med | normal flora, prexisting toxin VF: ST | BP biochemical EIA |
| Bacillus cereus (emeric) Intoxication bact. | V (occ. D) | Rice, cereals IP: 1-5h ID: low | VF: emeric ST | |
| Bacillus cereus (diarrhoeal) Intoxication bact. | D (rare V) | Meats, canned, reheated foods IP: 6-24h ID: med | VF: LT, haemolysin | |
| Clostridium perfringens Intoxication bact. | D (rice water stools), abdominal pain | Meats, poultry, reheated foods IP: 6-24h ID: high | VF: LT, spores | |
| Vibrio chlorae luminal infection bact. | D (profuse) dehydration | water, shellfish IP: 6h-5d ID: high | TCP used to colonise, flagella help burrow into mucous, cholera toxin released VF: TCP, cholera toxin | TCBS 24-48h- yellow |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus luminal infection bact. | D (profuse), V, fever | water: shellfish, brined vegetables IP: 4-24h | TCBS 24-48h- green | |
| Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) luminal infection bact. | D | water/food IP: 14-30h ID: high | VF: CFA, LT, ST | MAC, DCA 24h PCR (LT/ST) |
| Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) luminal infection bact. | D | water/food IP: 6h-2d | BFP used for loose atachment, A/E lesions from close attachment T3SS injects Tir allowing intimin to bind, actin reeangement to form pedestal. VF: BFP, T3SS, Tir, inimin | MAC, DCA 24h PCR (bfpA/intimin gene) immunofluroecsent microscopy |
| Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) | BD | meats, animals IP: 1-8d | T3SS injects Tir allowing intimin to bind, actin reeangement to form pedestal. Shiga toxins stop protein synthesis- killing cells VF: Shiga toxin (Stx1/2), T3SS, Tir, intimin | MAC, SMAC (O147:H7 only) 24h PCR (sst1/2/intimin gene) |
| Shigella spp. invasive infection bact. | BD, V, fever | meats, chicken, eggs, dairy IP: 8h-3d ID: low | Invade M cells (Ipa proteins) --> lamina propria. Engulfed by, then lyse macrophages, nuetrophil migration enlarging tight junctions Invade basal surface of enerocytes. IcsA recruits actin tail, propelling into nearby cells VF: Ipa proteins, T3SS, IcsA | MAC, DCA 24h biochemical (O antigens) |
| Salmonella spp. invasive infection bact. | D, V, fever | meats, chicken, eggs, dairy IP: 8h-3d ID: high | invades M cells and enterocytes using SIPs, escaping though basal surface. Engulfed by macrophages (SPI-2 neutrilises lysosomes) transporting to lymph nodes for replication. May cause transient bacteremia VF: SPI-1/2, T3SS, SIP & SSA proteins | MAC, DCA- yellow, black dots, SEL 24h biochemical (O/H antigens), PFGE, phage typing |
| Yersinia spp. invasive infection bact. | D, post-infection arthiritus | beef, milk (cattle) | invades M cells, taken up by macrophages, inhibiting phagocytosis, using as a transport system. Invades basolater surface of epitelial cells. T3SS used to dirsupt immune system with YOPs, inducing many cellular responses. VF: adhesin, T3SS, YOPs | CIN 25`C- bulls eye urease +ve, oxidase -ve |
| Campylobacter spp. invasive infection bact. | (B)D, fever, adbominal pait | chicken, untreated water/milk IP: 2-4d ID: high | CAMP (microaerophillic) 42`C 48h | |
| Rotavirus virus (N-E. dsRNA) | D | seasonal, asymptomatic excretors IP: ~2d ID: very low | icosahedral multilayered protein coat (hardy) segmented dsRNA genome. Penetrates cells at tips of villi using VP4 (trypsin), replicates in cytoplasm using its RDRP VF: VP4, NSP4 | anigen detection assays, electron microscopy (agglutinated) |
| Norovirus virus (N-E. ssRNA) | D, V | seasonal close quarters, food/water/surface contamination IP: 1-2d | most common cause of GIT in adults, explosive outbreaks, binds to histo blood group (O/A), villi bluntening, transient alabsorbtion of fat/lactose | RT-PCR (viral RNA), EIA (viral antigen), electron microscopy |
| Adenovirus virus (N-E. dsDNA) | D, V, abdominal cramps | Typically upper respiritory virus, serotypes 40, 41 cause GE. Late shedding | antigen detection (chromographic immunoassay) | |
| Hepatitus A virus (N-E. ssRNA) | NOT GE!: hepatitus | food/water, shellfsh, bile | enters bloodstream via peyer's patches, spreads to liver. Virions secreted in bile | |
| Entomoeba histolytica protozoa | BD, fever, stomach pain, cramps | food/water, developing countries ID: low | cyst (dormant, resistant, infectious) and trophozoite (growing, disease causing). Kills macroophages, neutrophis, IgA, IgG, evade complement, ingesting dead cells VF: parasite lectin, amebapores, cysteine protease | microscopy (cysts) serology (antigens/antibodies) metronidazole (targets anerobic mechanism) |
| Giardia spp. protozoa | D (grumbly, windy), wasting | cyst (dormant, resistant, infectious) and trophozoite (growing, disease causing). 2 nuclei, 8 flagella and sucking disc to adhere to intestinal wall | microscopy (cysts) serology (antigens) metronidazole (targets anerobic mechanism) | |
| Cryptosporidium spp. protozoa | D, V, nausea, cramps, fever, severe dehydration | water, pools, shellfish IP: 1-10d IS: low | complex (sexual and asexual, with oocyst as dormant infections stage) VF: proteases | microscopy (oocysts after acid-fast sain) EIA (antigens) imm.competant: nitazoxanide (targets anerobic mechanism) |
Created by:
Vortex740
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