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DNA sequencing

DNA Transcription and Translation

QuestionAnswer
Uses of DNA 1. Replication (new DNA) 2. Transcription (template for mRNA) 3. Translation (mRNA used as template for protein synthesis)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Main component of Ribosomes
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Created in transcription by DNA, Instructions for Protein synthesis
Transfer RNA (tRNA) Carries amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
RNA Polymerase Enzyme that binds to the promotor region of the DNA sequence. Breaks the hydrogen bonds, and makes the corresponding mRNA from the DNA code.
Promotor Region A sequence of nucleotides that signals the beginning of transcription.
Terminator Region Where transcription stops.
Antisense code The strand of DNA used as a template.
Exons Regions of the mRNA that give instructions, coding regions.
Introns Non-coding regions
Pre-mRNA The mRNA code before the Introns are sliced out by an Enzyme, and sent to the ribosomes in the rough ER.
Codon Three base pairs of nucleotides. AUG in mRNA starts the sequence.
P-Site tRNA settles in the P Site, and the ribosome uses the mRNA on the end to code a specific amino acid, Met is always first with the code AUG. The tRNA is then discarded and the amino is bonded to the incoming Amino from the A site.
A site Next codon in line for coding moves to P site and the amino that is created is bound to the incoming tRNA.
Mutation Heritable change to DNA, just a change not for good or bad.
Point Mutation Change one base pair in DNA sequence.
Missense Mutation Point mutation, change results in different Amino being produced.
Nonsense Mutation Point mutation, change results in stopping of coding.
Frameshift Mutation Insert extra base pair in DNA sequence, results in all of the following nucleotides to be moved down and a complete change to the code.
Deletion Mutation Base pair removed from DNA sequence, all following nucleotides moved up one space and codons change entirely.
Transcription The use of DNA code to create mRNA in the nucleus with help from the enzyme RNA Polymerase
Translation The use of mRNA in the ribosome to create an amino chain, that will become a protein
Created by: JohnZ26
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