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BIOLOGY GLOSSARY 4
Biology glossary chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Activation energy | the energy that is required to start biochemical reactions |
| Active site | the specific site of the enzyme that bonds the substrate and where catalysts occur |
| Allosteric site | a site on an enzyme other then the active site to which effector molecules bind |
| Anabolic reactions | biochemical reactions in which larger molecules are made from smaller molecules, requires an input of energy to build new bonds |
| Catabolic reactions | biochemical reaction in which there is a breakdown of macromolecules into smaller molecules, requires an input of energy to build new bonds |
| Catalytic power | the ability of potential of an enzyme to increase the rate of a biochemical reaction compound to the reaction occurring without the enzyme present |
| Coenzyme | a small organic molecule that combines with an enzyme and is necessary for its activity |
| Competitive inhibition | the inhibition of an enzyme due to a molecule that binds to the active site of the enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding |
| Conformational change | a change in the spatial (three-dimensional) arrangement of atoms in a macromolecule such as a protein or nucleic acid |
| Electrons | negatively charged subatomic particles that usually occupy the orbit surrounding the nucleus of an atom |
| Enzyme-substarate complex | the complex that forms when an enzyme binds to a substrate |
| Feedback inhibition | occurs when a product produced late in a biochemical pathway acts as the inhibitor of an enzyme acting earlier in the pathway |
| Loaded co-enzyme | the form of an enzyme that has a proton, electron, or chemical group to donate |
| Proton | a positively charged subatomic particle that forms part of the nucleus of an atom |
| Non-competitive inhibition | the inhibition of an enzyme due to an inhibiting molecule binding to an allosteric site on an enzyme. This causes a conformational change in the active site of the enzyme that prevents substrates from binding, or prevents the catalytic reaction |
| Substrate | molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme |
| Unloaded coenzyme | the form of a coenzyme that is free to accept a proton, electron, or chemical group |
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emmawalton05
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