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Microbiology Ch. 12
The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Algal bloom | an abundant growth of microscopic algae producing visible colonies in nature |
| Algin | a sodium salt of mannuronic acid found in brown algae |
| Amoeba | a unicellular eukaryote that moves by means of pseudopods |
| Anal pore | a site certain protozoa used for elimination of waste |
| Anamorph | ascomycete fungi that have lost the ability to reproduce sexually; the asexual stage of a fungus |
| Apicomplexa | unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate intracellular parasites, posses a special organelle at the tip of the cell. |
| Archaezoa | primitive, unicellular eukaryotes that lack mitochondria, i.e. Giardia |
| Arthrospore | an asexual fungal spore formed by fragmentation of septate hyphae |
| Ascospore | a sexual fungal spore produced in an ascus, formed by the ascomycetes |
| Ascus | a saclike structure containing ascospores found in ascomycetes |
| Asexual spore | a reproductive cell produced by mitosis and cell division (eukaryotes) or binary fission Basidiospore |
| Basidium | a pedestal that produces basidiospores found in the basidomycetes |
| Blade | a flat leaf like structure of multicellular algae |
| Blastoconidium | a asexual fungal spore produced by budding from the parent cell |
| Budding yeast | following mitosis a yeast cell that divides unevenly to produce a small cell (bud) from the parent cell |
| Chlamydospore | an asexual fungal spore formed within a hypha |
| Ciliate | a member of the protozoan phylum Ciliophora that uses cilia for locomotion |
| Coenocytic hypha | a fungal filament that is not divided into uninucleated cell like units because it lacks septa |
| Conidiophore | a aerial hypha bearing conidiospores |
| Conidiospore | an asexual spore produced in a chain from a conidiophore, also conidium |
| Conjugation | the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another involving cell to cell contact |
| Cutaneous mycosis | a fungal infection of the epidermis, nails, or hair |
| Cyst | a sac with a distinct wall containing fluid or other material; also a protective capsule of some protozoa |
| Cytoplasmic streaming | the movement of cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell |
| Cytostome | a mouth like opening in some protozoan |
| Definitive host | an organism that harbors the adult, sexually mature form of the parasite |
| Dermatophyte | a fungus that causes a cutaneous mycosis |
| Dimorphism | the property of having two forms of growth |
| Domoic acid intoxication | diarrhea and memory loss caused by domoic acid, produced by diatoms |
| Encystment | formation of a cyst |
| Eyespot | a pigmented area in a cell capable of detecting the presence of light |
| Fission yeast | following mitosis a yeast cell that divides evenly to produce two new cells |
| Gamete | a male and female reproductive cell |
| Gametocyte | a male and female protozoan cell |
| Hemoflagellate | a parasitic flagellate found in the circulatory system of its host |
| Holdfast | the branched base of an algal stipe |
| Hypha | a long filament of cells in fungi or actinomyces |
| Intermediate host | an organism that harbors the larval or asexual stage of a helminth or protozoan |
| Karyogamy | fusion of the nuclei of two cells, occurs in the sexual stage of a fungal cell |
| Kelp | multicellular brown algae |
| Keratin | a protein found in epidermis, hair, and nails |
| Medulla | a lichen body consisting of algae (or cyanobacterial) and fungi |
| Meiosis | a eukaryotic cell replication process that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cell |
| Merozoite | a trophozoite of Plasmodium found in RBC’s or liver cells |
| Microsporiodia | eukaryotic organisms that lack mitochondria and microtubules; obligate intracellular parasites |
| Mycelium | a mass of long filaments of cells that branch and intertwine typically found in molds |
| Mycology | the scientific study of fungi |
| Mycorrhiza | a fungus growing in symbiosis with plant roots |
| Mycosis | a fungal infection |
| Oocyst | an encysted Apicomplexa zygote in which cell division occurs to form the next infectious stage |
| Opportunistic pathogen | a microorganism that does not ordinarily cause disease but can become pathogenic under certain circumstances |
| Plankton | free floating aquatic organisms |
| Plasmodium | a multinucleated mass of protoplasm as in plasmodium slime molds and when written as a genus, refers to the causative agent of malaria |
| Plasmogamy | fusion of the cytoplasm of two cells; occurs in the sexual stage of a fungal life cycle |
| Pseudohypha | a short chain of fungal cells that result from the lacking of separating of daughters cells after budding |
| Pseudopod | an extension of a eukaryotic cell that aids in locomotion and feeding |
| Red tide | a bloom of planktonic dinoflagellates |
| Rhizine | a root like hyphae that anchors a fungus to a surface |
| Rhizopoda | eukaryotic organism that moves using pseudopods, i.e. amoebas |
| Ring stage | a young Plasmodium trophozoite that looks like a ring in a RBC |
| Saxitoxin | a neurotoxin produced by some dinoflagellates |
| Schizogony | the process of multiple fission in which one organism divides to produce many daughter cells |
| Septa | a cross wall in a fungal hypha |
| Septate hypha | a hypha consisting of uninucleated cell like units |
| Sexual spore | a spore formed by sexual reproduction |
| Slime mold | a fungus like protest |
| Sporangiophore | an aerial hypha supporting a sporangium |
| Sporangiospore | an asexual fungal spore formed within a sporangium |
| Sporangium | a sac containing one or more spores |
| Spore | a reproductive structure formed by fungi and actinomyces |
| Sporozoite | a trophozoite of Plasmodium found in mosquitoes infective for humans |
| Stipe | a stemlike supporting structure of multicellular algae and basidiomycetes |
| Subcutaneous mycosis | a fungal infection of tissue beneath the skin |
| Superficial mycosis | a fungal infection localized in surface epidermal cells and along hair shafts |
| Systemic mycosis | a fungal infection in deep tissue |
| Tachyzoite | a rapidly growing trophozoite form of a protozoan |
| Telemorph | the sexual stage in the life cycle of a fungus, also refers to a fungus that produces both sexual and asexual spores |
| Thallus | the entire vegetative structure or body of a fungus, lichen, or alga |
| Trophozoite | the vegetative form of a protozoan |
| Undulating membrane | a highly modified flagellum on some protozoa |
| Vacuole | an intracellular inclusion, in eukaryotic cells surrounded by a plasma membrane. In prokaryotic cells surrounded by a proteinaceous membrane |
| Vector | 1. a plasmid or virus used in genetic engineering to insert genes into a cell. 2. an arthropod that carries disease causing organisms from host to another host |
| Vegetative | referring to cells involved with obtaining nutrients, as opposed to reproduction |
| Yeast | nonfilamentous, unicellular fungi |
| Yeast infection | a disease caused by the growth of certain yeasts in a susceptible host |
| Zoospore | an asexual algal spore, has two flagella |
| Zygosphore | a sexual fungal spore characteristic of the zygomycetes |
| Zygote | a diploid cell produced by the fusion of two haploid gametes |
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